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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors examine the factors which induce urinary tract infections (U.T.I.) in child, considering especially the mechanisms which operate in the microorganism-host relation. Besides, the last acquisitions about clinical pediatric urology are specified. The Author dwells upon the discovery and study of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, which seems ascertained to be responsible of upper urinary tract infections and which can be identified in Laboratories thanks to the existence of kits prepared for this purpose. With reference to this subject, the Authors report a personal experience about 12 pediatric patients in whose urine P-fimbriated E.coli strains were identified; in these patients the correlation is studied between the presence of P-fimbriated E.coli and the severity of infection (pyelonephritis, recurrent U.T.I.).
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PMID:[Host-microorganism interactions in urinary infections in children]. 168 26

The commonest organism in urinary tract infections (UTI) is Escherichia coli. Pyelonephritogenic E.coli strains possess P-fimbriae which firmly attach to uroepithelial cells by recognition of a carbohydrate structure, alpha-D-Galp-(1-4)-beta-D-Galp, which is confined within all glycosphingolipids related to the human P-blood group antigens. Several investigators have studied virulence properties of E.coli and host resistance in relation to UTI. Uroepithelial cells from children and women with recurrent UTI have an increased capacity to bind E.coli. In contrast to previous studies the present one deals with patients with renal scarring, who constitute the major risk group among patients with UTI. P-fimbriae mediated binding to uroepithelial cells was studied and the risk of recurrent UTI in patients with renal scarring was determined. Ninety per cent of the E.coli isolates from female patients with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis in this study possess P-fimbriae (I). The fecal E.coli colonies obtained from these patients were P-fimbriated in 55% compared to 11% of the fecal E.coli colonies from healthy controls. The P-blood group distribution in 56 female patients with renal scarring and a history of febrile UTI was the same as in a control group of 39 healthy subjects (II). A history of recurrent and/or early infections did not increase the percentage of the P1 blood group phenotype. Forty-nine female patients with renal scarring were prospectively investigated for the incidence of symptomatic UTI in relation to fecal colonization with P-fimbriated E.coli (III). Fifty-three per cent of the patients had altogether 65 episodes of symptomatic UTI during the three-year follow-up (0.036 infections per month). Eight patients (16%) had nine attacks of acute pyelonephritis and 4/5 of the tested E.coli strains from these patients were P-fimbriated. No relationship was demonstrated between the presence of P-fimbriated E.coli in the fecal flora and the development of subsequent acute pyelonephritis. The binding of P-fimbriated E.coli to uroepithelial cells from 19 female patients with renal scarring was studied with the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis (IV). The uroepithelial cells from the patients with renal scarring exhibited a significantly higher binding capacity (p less than 0.01) than uroepithelial cells from healthy controls. Furthermore, uroepithelial cells from the patients with renal scarring and kidney insufficiency had a higher availability of P-fimbriae receptors on their uroepithelial cells than cells obtained from patients with renal scarring and normal renal function (r = -0.75, p less than 0.001) (V).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:P-fimbriated Escherichia coli in adults with renal scarring and pyelonephritis. 288 Apr 64

Ciprofloxacin was tested in the acute and chronic experimental E.coli pyelonephritis in rats. Its therapeutic efficacy was compared with that of cefotaxime. In the acute pyelonephritis increasing doses resulted in increasing elimination of bacteria from the kidneys. Ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime showed no difference in the efficiency in therapy of the acute pyelonephritis. In chronic pyelonephritis ciprofloxacin proved to be more effective than cefotaxime in spite of identical in vitro activity. Pharmacokinetic data showed that ciprofloxacin was eliminated more slowly than cefotaxime. The long serum half-life and the high volume of distribution could be responsible for the high therapeutic efficacy and could outweigh the disadvantage of metabolic instability.
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PMID:[Ciprofloxacin and cefotaxim: pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effectiveness in E. coli pyelonephritis in rats]. 294 65

The multiple evaluation of the persistence characteristics, including antilysozyme, anti-interferon and anticomplement activity, as well as other biological properties, such as adhesiveness, colicinogenicity and resistance to antibiotics, was carried out in 173 E. coli strains isolated from water, healthy and sick children. This evaluation revealed that each group of E. coli, depending on the source of its isolation, had its characteristic set of properties (or bioprofiles) to be analyzed, making it different from other bacterial populations. The comparative intergroup analysis showed differences between E. coli isolated from children with pathological conditions (enteric coli-bacteriosis, pyelonephritis) and E. coli isolated from water and feces of healthy children. These differences were manifested by more pronounced persistence characteristics. Dispersion analysis, having confirmed this feature, revealed that the most labile characteristics of E.coli, subject to the influence of ecological conditions, were their markers of persistence and antibiotic resistance. The results of factor analysis made it possible to unite the above mentioned properties which determined, together with adhesiveness, pathogenic potential of these bacteria.
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PMID:[A comparative evaluation of the persistence characteristics of Escherichia isolated from different econiches]. 753 28

The relationship between the presence of bacterial virulence factors and the severity of urinary tract infection (UTI) was analized in this study. The production of alpha-hemolysin (Hly), the expression of P-fimbriae and the mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) type IVa (associated with the presence of P-fimbriae), were all detected more frequently in Escherichia coli strains from acute pyelonephritis than in strains isolated from cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. In contrast, the production of cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) and the expression of MRHA types III and IVb were distributed uniformly between strains causing different clinical categories of UTI. Thus 88% of the E. coli strains from acute pyelonephritis showed some of the virulence factors investigated in this study, whereas only 60% (p < 0.01) and 56% (p < 0.01) repectively of the strains isolated from cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria possessed virulence factors. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of virulence properties between strains isolated from patients with or without complicating factors. Only 16% (p < 0.001) of the fecal isolates from healthy individuals showed virulence factors. The virulence factors were concentrated in strains belonging to 10 (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O14, O18, O22, O75 and O83) of the 12 serogroups most frequently detected in uropathogenic E. coli strains. The majority of uropathogenic O4, O6, O14, O22, O75 and O83 E.coli strains were Hly+CNF1+ and expressed P-fimbriae or MRHA type III, whereas the strains of serogroup O18 were Hly+CNF1- and P-fimbriated. Among O1 and O7 strains we found Hly-CNF1-strains that expressed P-fimbriae. Among O2 strains we found Hly+CNF1+ strains that expressed P-fimbriae or MRHA type III and other Hly-CNF1-strains that possessed P-fimbriae. We conclude that E.coli strains isolated from pyelonephritis show virulence factors more frequently than those from cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and that strains that cause urinary tract infections in Spain belong to the same serogroups as uropathogenic E.coli isolated in other areas of the world. Our results support the special pathogenicity theory and suggest that many cases of serious urogenital disease may be caused by a limited number of P-fimbriated E.coli strains that usually produce alpha-hemolysin.
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PMID:Virulence factors and O groups of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with acute pyelonephritis, cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. 881 99

Pathogenic Escherichia coli often carry determinants for several different adhesins. We show a direct communication between two adhesin gene clusters in uropathogenic E.coli: type 1 fimbriae (fim) and pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap). A regulator of pap, PapB, is a key factor in this cross-talk. FimB recombinase turns on type 1 fimbrial expression, and PapB inhibited phase transition by FimB in both off-to-on and on-to-off directions. On-to-off switching requiring FimE was increased by PapB. By analysis of FimB- and FimE-LacZ translational fusions it was concluded that the increase in on-to-off transition rates was via an increase in FimE expression. Inhibition of FimB-promoted switching was via a different mechanism: PapB inhibited FimB-promoted in vitro recombination, indicating that FimB activity was blocked at the fim switch. In vitro analyses showed that PapB bound to several DNA regions of the type 1 fimbrial operon, including the fim switch region. These data show that Pap expression turns off type 1 fimbriae expression in the same cell. Such cross-talk between adhesin gene clusters may bring about appropriate expression at the single cell level.
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PMID:Regulatory cross-talk between adhesin operons in Escherichia coli: inhibition of type 1 fimbriae expression by the PapB protein. 1074 13

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious presentations in community practice. Over 90% of UTIs are due to a single species. Escherichia coli alone accounts for 80% to 90% of UTIs. In young, healthy women, Staphylococcus saprophyticus accounts for approximately 5% to 15% of cases of uncomplicated cystitis, but is rarely associated with pyelonephritis or complicated infections. Other gram-negative species comprise the majority of the remaining causes of UTIs. Because initial antimicrobial therapy for UTIs is generally empiric, it is important to account for local susceptibility trends when selecting an antimicrobial agent. In Canada, resistance among community-acquired (as opposed to nosocomial or hospital-acquired) isolates of E. coli varies depending on the antimicrobial agent being tested. Ampicillin has the lowest activity against community-acquired E.coli isolates, with resistance rates ranging from 23% to 41%. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance rates range from 8.4% to 19.2%, while the resistance to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin has remained at 0% to 1.8% since its introduction over 10 years ago. Current studies suggest that there are no regional differences in resistance rates among community-acquired urinary tract pathogens across Canada.
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PMID:Antimicrobial resistance trends in common urinary pathogens. 1144 90

The structure and sensitivity of the agents of community-aquired urinary infections (CUI) in Moscow were studied in a prospective clinicomicrobiological trial carried out in 2005 with participation of 8 Moscow outpatient clinics. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial drugs was estimated using agar dilution test according to NCCLS recommendations (2000-2002). Acute and chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and acute pyelonephritis were most frequent CUI (49.1, 39.8 and 5.3%, respectively, while among complicating factors most frequently occurred urolithiasis (48.5%), diabetes mellitus (24.2%), renal cysts (7.6%), infravesical obstruction (6,1%). CUI in Moscow were primarily caused by E.coli (72.5%). Compared to complicated CUI, uncomplicated ones were characterized by less frequent E. coli isolation (53 and 80.9%, respectively), but significantly more frequent isolation of P.aeruginosa (4.5 and 0%) and E. faecalis (9.1 and 4.2% isolation. High resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with uncomplicated CUI was seen to cotrimoxasol (28.7%) and ampicillin (39.1%), low resistance--to amoxicilline/ clavulanate (6.3%), fluoroquinolones (6.3%), nitrofurantoin (0%), cefuroxime (6.3%), cefotaxime (0%), phosphomicine (0%). Patients with complicated CUI compared to uncomplicated CUI significantly more often had E.coli strains nonsensitive to amoxicilline/clavulanate (14 and 6.3%), cotrimoxasol (25.6 and 18.8%), nalidixic acid (18.6 and 6.3%, respectively). Polyresistant E. coli strains were significantly more prevalent in complicated CUI than in uncomplicated CUI (45.4 and 25.1%, respectively). Thus, E. coli, a main causing agent of uncomplicated CUI, demonstrates high resistance to ampicilline and cotrimoxasol. High microbiological activity is shown byfluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, oral cephalosporines of the second-third generation.
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PMID:[Clinicomicrobiological characteristics of community-acquired infections of the urinary tracts in Moscow]. 1825 19

Recent studies showed prominent antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts on certain pathogenic microorganisms, therefore we prepared crude aqueous extracts of black pepper, ginger and thyme and carried out an in vitro study by measuring antimicrobial activity of these extracts using the agar well diffusion method. An in vivo study was carried out on 50 adult healthy male albino rats which were divided into 5 groups, 10 rats each. Group 1: negative control group which received saline solution intragastrically daily; Group 2: Positive control group, injected with mixed bacterial suspension of S.aureus and E.coli as a model of pyelonephritis, then received saline solution intragastrically daily; Group 3: injected with the same dose of mixed bacterial suspension, then received 100 mg/kg/day black pepper extract intragastrically; Group 4: injected with mixed bacterial suspension then received 500 mg/kg/day ginger extract intragastrically. Group 5: injected with mixed bacterial suspension then received 500 mg/kg/day thyme extract intragastrically. All groups were sacrificed after either 1 or 4 weeks. Serum and blood samples were collected for lysozyme activity estimation using agarose lysoplate, measurement of nitric oxide production, and lymphocyte transformation test as well as for counting both total and differential leukocytes and erythrocytes. Kidney samples were tested histopathologically. Both in vivo and in vitro results confirm the efficacy of these extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggest the possibility of using them in treatment procedures.
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PMID:Immunopathological and antimicrobial effect of black pepper, ginger and thyme extracts on experimental model of acute hematogenous pyelonephritis in albino rats. 2557 33

Recent studies showed prominent antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts on some pathogenic microorganisms so we evaluated antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of clove and cinnamon using the agar well diffusion method. An in vivo study was carried out on 40 adult healthy male albino rats divided into four groups: Group 1: negative control group (received intragastric saline solution daily); Group 2: injected with mixed bacterial suspension of S. aureus and E.coli as a model of pyelonephritis then received intragastric saline solution daily; Group 3: injected with the same dose of mixed bacterial suspension then received intragastric clove extract 500 mg/kg/day; and Group (4): injected with mixed bacterial suspension then received intragastric cinnamon 500 mg/kg/day. Five rats from each group were sacrificed after 1 and 4 weeks. Serum and blood samples were collected for lysozymes activity and nitric oxide production, lymphocyte transformation test, as well as counting of both total and differential leukocytes and erythrocytes. Kidney samples were tested histopathologically. Both in vivo and in vitro results confirmed the efficacy of clove extract as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of its use in treatment of such bacterial infections.
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PMID:Effect of clove and cinnamon extracts on experimental model of acute hematogenous pyelonephritis in albino rats: Immunopathological and antimicrobial study. 2581 7


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