Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pyelonephritis was induced in experimental animals derived of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes by adult thymectomy and serial sublethal irradiation. In this model T lymphocytes were reduced to less than 1% of normal adjudged by the in vitro Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of lymphoid cells from deprived animals compared with control animals. Pathologic, bacteriologic and immunologic aspects of renal infection were studied in the T cell-deprived animals during the acute, resolving and chronic stages of pyelonephritis. The experiments have shown that the ablation of lymphocytes did not appreciably alter the course of the disease.
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PMID:Selective deficiency of thymus-derived lymphocytes in experimental pyelonephritis. 108 May 31

In these experiments the effect of experimental pyelonephritis on the distri-ution of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid sites in the rat has been determined and the functional capacity of T cells during the course of infection has been investigated. The studies have shown that renal infection affects the distribution of lymphocytes and has a marked effect on the functional capacity of splenic T lymphocytes early in infection. Most of the lymphocytes forming the round cell infiltrate in the kidney have been identified as thymus-derived lymphocytes on their surface labelling characteristics. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the inability of T lymphocytes to function normally in the environment of the kdiney. It is suggested that ablation of cell-mediated immunity may be a factor contributing to the persistence of renal infection.
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PMID:Quantitation of immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and the lymphocyte response to PHA in experimental pyelonephritis. 108 35

The effect of the type I interferon on the development and process of experimental pyelonephritis caused by E. coli was studied on mice weighing 12 to 14 g. Interferon was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 1000 units on days 3 and 7 of the disease. It was shown that the administration of the type I interferon to the mice with experimental pyelonephritis promoted rapid elimination of bacteria from the kidneys, prevented their penetration to the contralateral (intact) kidney, prevented marked macro- and microscopic damages in the kidneys, lowered the intensity of the inflammatory reaction, and increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the number of the E-rosette-forming lymphocytes in the thymus. The data provided experimental grounding for clinical trials of interferon preparations in treatment of bacterial pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Effect of interferon on the course of experimental E coli-induced pyelonephritis]. 218 9

In rats with experimental pyelonephritis, cyclophosphamide leads to changes in the spleen and thymus lymphocyte populations. When cyclophosphamide was given five times a week from the fifth week of infection on, the population of electrophoretically slow moving spleen lymphocytes, which are believed to be B-lymphocytes, decreased in the seventh week. This effect is independent of autovaccination. During the same period the number of immature slow moving thymus lymphocytes decreased. Further treatment with cyclophosphamide until the twelfth week of infection led to the differences almost disappearing in the histogramm. Cyclophosphamide showed a slight effect on antibody production and did not influence the elimination of infective agents from the kidneys of animals with pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Autovaccination in chronic pyelonephritis in the animal experiment--effect of cyclophosphamide on splenic and thymus lymphocytes]. 331 18

A case of malakoplakia of the kidney is presented. Purified plasma membranes from the malakoplakia lesions stimulate blast transformation of the patient's autologous lymphocytes indicating the persistence of bacterial antigens which stimulate primarily thymus-derived lymphocytes. The skin test immunologic competence of the patient and the peripheral blood monocyte chemotactic response were normal. The pathologic findings and these immunologic studies are discussed in relation to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and megalocytic interstitial nephritis and the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Pathologic and immunologic considerations in malakoplakia. 696 87

The discovery of opioid ligand, beta-endorphin (betaEPh), in tactivin widens our knowledge about peptides synthesized by the thymus and allows to study new aspects of integration of the principal elements of immune and nervous systems within the integral immunoneuroendocrine network. Various produced lots of tactivin contain from 2 to 5 pM/l of betaEPh which provides a number of properties of this preparation. betaEPh is an important integral part of tactivin, as the action of tactivin "purified" of betaEPh truly differs from the effects of the total preparation: both in the norm (57 healthy children) and in pathology (30 patients with pyelonephritis), these preparations acted in vitro in different ways on lymphocytes with phenotypes CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD38(+), CD22(+). Their influence on the functional activity of monocytes of the peripheral blood differed as well. All these effects of total tactivin and betaEPh-free tactivin were partially realized through &mgr;- and delta-opioid receptors. So, the removal of betaEPh did not "liberate" tactivin from displaying opioid activity, and consequently tactivin contains not only betaEPh, but also other ligands of &mgr;- and delta-types. Tactivin produces a direct and pronounced effect on monocytes of peripheral blood of healthy people and patients. The sensitivity of immunocompetent cells to betaEPh has been shown to be at the various levels and paradoxicality of action of this ligand may be related to the heterogeneity of receptors, through which betaEPh reveals its influence. A wide range of biological activity of tactivin and betaEPh with respect to standard parameters of healthy children is fair and its expediency is obvious as the immunocompetent cells of a healthy child can't help reacting to the peptides incoming from the thymus into blood in cases of antigenic or non-specific responses. One can evaluate the "contribution" of betaEPh to the size and importance of generalized effect of tactivin, as well as the role of intersystemic mediator betaEPh probably may include the initiation and coordination of immunotropic and bioregulating properties of thymic preparation.
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PMID:beta-Endorphin as One of Important Integral Parts of Tactivin. 1268 29

Unexpected mortality occurred in a group of 12 NOD.Cg-NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) and 12 NOD.Cg-Rag1tm1Mom Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NRG) immunodeficient mice. At 10 d after routine bone marrow-liver-thymus humanization surgery, 9 mice were found dead without observation of initiating clinical signs; 1 d later (day 11), 3 additional mice showed signs of morbidity, including severe hunching, lateral recumbency, slow movement, shallow respiration, and decreased response to external stimulus. All remaining mice rapidly decompensated and were found dead or were euthanized within 4 d after the first death. Histopathology revealed severe ascending pyelonephritis with numerous yeast. Cultures in some mice were positive for Enterococcus faecalis or Staphylococcus xylosus, 2 bacteria considered commensals in rodents. In addition, Candida albicans was cultured from some animals. Further investigation revealed that a restraining device used for tail vein injections was the likely fomite harboring Candida organisms. These findings indicate that ascending pyelonephritis, with Candida as the etiologic agent, can cause significant mortality in NSG and NRG immunodeficient mice.
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PMID:Outbreak of Opportunistic Ascending Pyelonephritis with Numerous Yeast after Experimental Humanization Surgery in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ and NOD.Cg-Rag1tm1Mom Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ Immunodeficient Mice. 3020 88