Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034069 (pulmonary fibrosis)
 7,050 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients treated for acute leukaemia with BCNU, cyclophosphamide and cytosin-arabinoside are reported, in whom pulmonary fibrosis developed and progressed during therapy. The development of lung fibrosis during combined treatment, together with serological exclusion of other diseases known to be associated with pulmonary fibrosis, make a causal connection between the treatment and the fibrosis very probable.
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PMID:[Progressive pulmonary fibrosis due to combined treatment with BCNU, cyclophosphospahmide and cytosin-arabinoside (author's transl)]. 15 Oct 43

Twenty-one patients with grade III or IV astrocytomas were assigned randomly to receive either BCNU alone or BCNU and VM-26 after surgery and radiation therapy. Patients surviving radiation therapy and receiving single-agent chemotherapy had a median survival of 14 months while those receiving combination chemotherapy had a median survival of 22 months (P greater than 0.05). None of the patients who failed BCNU-only therapy responded to VM-26. Performance status was not affected by either regimen. Computerized tomographic scanning of the brain was useful only in confirming tumor progression. Two patients died from BCNU-related interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Treatment of grade III and IV astrocytomas with BCNU alone and in combination with VM-26 following surgery and radiation therapy. 23 Aug 93

Eighteen patients with refractory malignancies were treated with escalating doses of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and autologous bone marrow transplants (BMTX). Hematopoietic recovery was similar with doses of 300mg/m2qd X 3 and 500mg/m2qd X 3 providing suggestive evidence of a myeloprotective effect of the BMTX. Extramedullary toxicity was sporadic but occasionally severe; pulmonary fibrosis and severe cholestatic jaundice were seen in one case each. Antitumor responses were noted in patients with brain tumors, melanoma, hematological neoplasms and lung cancer.
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PMID:Intensive 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy of refractory cancer: a preliminary report. 40 Jun 99

In two patients with acute leukaemia, the development of progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis was observed following chemotherapy with BCNU, Cytoxan and Ara-C. The x-ray changes were accompanied by restrictive changes of pulmonary function and, later on, by severe hypoxia. Serologic tests did not reveal infection with cytomegaly virus or mycoplasma pneumoniae. These findings, together with reports in the literature, suggest a toxic effect of BCNU on the lung. The combination with Cyclophosphamide may contribute to this toxic reaction.
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PMID:[Progressive pulmonary fibrosis during combination chemotherapy with BCNU (author's transl)]. 65 38

A case is reported of a child with fatal pulmonary fibrosis following BCNU therapy. This side effect has only once previously been reported with the nitrosourea group of compounds.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary fibrosis following 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy. 66 9

A 43-year-old man with metastatic malignant melanoma was treated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in combination with imidazole carboxamide and hydroxyurea. He achieved complete remission. After 22 months of chemotherapy, the patient developed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Open lung biopsy showed sclerosing alveolitis. Long-term therapy with BCNU may cause pulmonary fibrosis, as has been seen with other cytotoxic drugs.
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PMID:Pulmonary fibrosis after prolonged therapy with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. 89 Dec 93

Carmustine (BCNU) is a cytotoxic drug which is a recognized cause of acute pulmonary fibrosis. We describe the radiological findings in six patients who received carmustine in childhood for treatment of central nervous system tumours and were subsequently found to have pulmonary fibrosis 13-17 years after treatment. Patients were studied by chest radiography and high resolution computed tomography. The pattern of disease is novel, involving the upper zones in a predominantly peripheral pattern.
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PMID:Chronic lung fibrosis following carmustine (BCNU) chemotherapy: radiological features. 176 Sep 4

We describe eight patients who developed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis following BCNU (carmustine) therapy for cerebral tumours. The fibrosis presented 12-17 (mean 14) years after exposure to the drug. A distinctive pattern of pulmonary fibrosis with involvement of the apices and subpleural areas was seen in one patient dying of the disease. Light microscopy showed interstitial elastosis and intra-alveolar fibrosis which was often focal with an associated mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, intra-alveolar oedema, macrophages, and some neutrophils. Ultrastructural studies showed electron lucency of type I pneumocytes, with breaks in the cytoplasmic membranes leaving a bare basement membrane. Degenerative change was also seen in endothelial cell cytoplasm along with lipofuscin deposition. While BCNU pulmonary fibrosis has been described up to 2 years after treatment, this complication so late after therapy, though rare, has important implications for the follow-up of patients receiving this drug.
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PMID:Late BCNU lung: a light and ultrastructural study on the delayed effect of BCNU on the lung parenchyma. 205 87

Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious side effect of nitrosourea therapy, occurring most frequently in patients treated with BCNU. Pulmonary fibrosis developed in a 63 year-old male patient while being treated with adjuvant methyl-CCNU for rectal carcinoma. This toxicity is rare with methyl-CCNU, having only been reported once previously. The case of methyl-CCNU-induced pulmonary fibrosis reported here occurred at a much lower total dose than the first reported case (604 mg/m2 vs. 2,733 mg/m2). Details of the case history, including radiographic and pathologic findings, are presented.
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PMID:Pulmonary fibrosis associated with low-dose adjuvant methyl-CCNU. 232 71

Nitrosourea derivatives, such as BCNU and CCNU, are considered useful chemotherapeutic agents in malignant brain tumors combined therapy. Pulmonary toxicity is one of the major side effects demonstrated both in experimental animal models and in human autoptic findings. Pulmonary fibrosis is the end point of progressive functional disorder of respiratory mechanism and alveolo-capillary gas exchanges. Authors present the results of a randomized, double-blind trial of 40 patients previously treated with surgery and radiotherapy and who subsequently underwent BCNU therapy for primary intracranial glioma. Patients underwent functional respiratory examinations at each chemotherapy course interval. Twenty patients received ambroxol (120 mg/day) for 40 days after chemotherapy course. Control patients received placebo with the same schedule and showed a significant reduction of pulmonary functional parameters (DLCO, MMEF, MEF 25%), whereas in the treated group there is no significant variation of these functional parameters. The mechanism of ambroxol is commonly related to the surfactant synthesis enhancement and to the action on bronchiolar pathways.
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PMID:Nitrosourea derivatives-induced pulmonary toxicity in patients treated for malignant brain tumors. Early subclinical detection and its prevention. 329 18


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