Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034069 (pulmonary fibrosis)
 7,050 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a recently completed study, combination chemotherapy consisting of bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine was given to 29 patients with oat cell lung cancer. There were no cases of pulmonary fibrosis in these 29 patients. Although several of these patients had prior radiotherapy, none had concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This same four-drug chemotherapy regimen was combined with concomitant radiotherapy in 13 patients with oat cell lung cancer. There were three cases of fatal pulmonary fibrosis and two other cases of clinically significant pulmonary fibrosis. All five cases of pulmonary fibrosis occurred several weeks after completion of a six-week course of bleomycin (total dosage 90 units). It is concluded that bleomycin cannot be safely administered while patients are receiving radiotherapy to the lung.
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PMID:Enhanced pulmonary toxicity with bleomycin and radiotherapy in oat cell lung cancer. 5 87

Serum laminin P1 was studied in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), respiratory infections, pulmonary fibrosis, and in normal subjects. The level of serum laminin P1 was elevated (greater than 1.27 U ml-1) in 58.9% of SCLC and in 11.5% of NSCLC patients. Median value in SCLC was significantly higher than that in NSCLC (P less than 0.01), respiratory infection (P less than 0.01), and in normal subjects (P less than 0.01), but not statistically different from that in pulmonary fibrosis. The levels of serum laminin P1 in SCLC were related to therapeutic response. However, no certain correlation was established between the level of laminin P1 and the clinical stage of SCLC.
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PMID:Serum laminin P1 in small cell lung cancer: a valuable indicator of distant metastasis? 131 70

Over the past ten years there has been fundamental progress in molecular biology, i.e. concerning the structure and function of genes. The understanding and diagnosis of several diseases, in particular those of the respiratory system, have been profoundly affected and changed. For example alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and the emphysema which results have now been dissected down to a molecular level and characterised by anomalies of certain critical portions of the gene coding for this protein. The same thing is found in cystic fibrosis where, thanks to recent technical progress, it is now possible to make a positive diagnosis in most unaffected carriers. The importance of molecular biology in lung cancer is equally established, and in small cell lung cancer one can already isolate a sub group of cancers presenting with an abnormal amplification of the c-myc oncogene. Finally, the role of inflammatory cells, in particular macrophages, in pulmonary fibrosis is best understood by studying the expression by macrophages of the genes coding for mediators which alter the replication of fibroblasts.
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PMID:[Application of molecular biology techniques to pneumology]. 217 33

Progress over the last 40 years has greatly reduced morbidity and mortality in the constantly changing field of thoracic surgery. The first part of this review focuses on current indications and limitations in lung surgery. Technical procedures for pneumonectomy, lobectomy, bronchial resection and conservative surgery are well established. Although major respiratory or cardiac failure still limit indications bronchogenic cancer extension is no longer a contraindication. Exeresis after 70 years of age is not an exception. Surgery for non-small cell lung cancer has given promising results with a 5-year survival rate of 60-80% for patients in stage I and II. For stage III, two recent comparative studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy which should logically be proposed with or without radiotherapy in patients with resectable tumours. Surgical removal of lung metastases and mesotheliomas has also made considerable progress. Unfortunately, except for therapeutic trials, exeresis of small cell lung cancer does not provide any beneficial effect and cannot be proposed. Indications for surgery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease however has been quite successful and now goes beyond classical exeresis of large compressive bullae. In many situations patients with diffuse emphysema can benefit from surgical reduction in lung volume before proposing transplantation. Lung transplantation is indicated for pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease and obstructive lung pulmonary disease with an overall survival rate of 50% at 5 years and 43% at 6 years. The rate of successful bilateral lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis remains to be determined.
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PMID:[New techniques in thoracic surgery. I]. 756 9

To assess the feasibility of treatments for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) showing a poor performance status (PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ECOG 3 or 4), we retrospectively reviewed the outcome for 13 SCLC patients showing poor PS treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital between January 1984 and May 1994. The main factors which contributed to poor prognosis were superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, massive pleural effusion, tracheal stenosis due to lymph node swelling, pericardial effusion and pulmonary fibrosis (causing dyspnea in combination), brain metastasis resulting in neurological disturbance, cachexia, Eaton-Lambert syndrome causing muscle weakness, retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis causing abdominal pain, peritoneal effusion due to abdominal lymph node swelling, vertebral metastasis causing paraplegia, and dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM) causing muscle weakness. All of the patients received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. The PS of 8 patients improved with treatment, but no improvement was seen in 5. We analyzed these 13 patients and considered the treatments for those with poor PS. Chemo-radiotherapy was tolerable in SCLC patients showing PS 3, and improved their PS if severe conditions or combined disease did not arise concurrently. It was further suggested that PS 4 patients with severe conditions or combined disease should not be given the treatments.
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PMID:Retrospective analysis of the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer showing poor performance status. 865 51

We report a case of a 51-year old man with small cell lung cancer who developed superior vena cava syndrome due to obstruction of the superior vena cava at the junction of the brachiocephalic vein by a fibrotic band, 2 months after completing six cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposid. Superior vena cava syndrome caused by chemotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis should be kept in mind during follow-up.
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PMID:Superior vena cava syndrome caused by chemotherapy-induced fibrosis. 1242 Aug 62

In an attempt to evaluate the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy and continuous hyperfractionated radiotherapy (CHART) for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a dose-escalation study was initiated, in which patients were treated with a combination of Vinorelbine and Carboplatin chemotherapy and CHART radiotherapy. The first cohort of 3 patients were treated with induction chemotherapy (Vinorelbine 30mg/m2 weeks 1,2,4 and 5, and Carboplatin, AUC = 5mg/ml/min weeks 1 and 4) followed by CHART radiotherapy (5400cGy in 36 fractions in 12 days on weeks 7 and 8). It was intended to then treat subsequent cohorts of patients with increasing doses of chemotherapy concomitantly with CHART, but unfortunately 2 of the first 3 patients both developed respiratory failure due to widespread pulmonary fibrosis, and died 7 and 9 weeks after completing treatment. At this point the study was closed. The combination of chemotherapy and CHART for NSCLC may have significant pulmonary toxicity and this potentially serious adverse effect needs to be carefully considered when planning future research studies is this area.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary fibrosis associated with induction chemotherapy with carboplatin and vinorelbine followed by CHART radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 1255 74

The association between rheumatic diseases and malignancy has been documented in many studies. Polymyositis and especially dermatomyositis are associated with a higher risk of malignant disease. Furthermore, lung cancer usually develops in patients with a prolonged history of systemic sclerosis accompanied by pulmonary fibrosis. Though overlap syndrome is rarely reported in the associated cancer, this is the first report describing progressive overlap syndrome in small cell lung cancer as a paraneoplastic syndrome.
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PMID:Progressive overlap syndrome due to small cell lung cancer as a paraneoplastic syndrome. 1653 79

Nitrosamines are carcinogens formed in the mammalian organism from amine precursors contained in food, beverages, cosmetics and drugs. The potent carcinogen, NNK, and the weaker carcinogen, NNN, are nitrosamines formed from nicotine. Metabolites of the nitrosamines react with DNA to form adducts responsible for genotoxic effects. We have identified NNK as a high affinity agonist for the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) whereas NNN bound with high affinity to epibatidine-sensitive nAChRs. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) bound to both receptors but with lower affinity. High levels of the alpha7nAChR were expressed in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and in hamster pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs), which serve as a model for the cell of origin of human SCLC. Exposure of SCLC or PNECs to NNK or nicotine increased expression of the alpha7nAChR and caused influx of Ca(2+), activation of PKC, Raf-1, ERK1/2, and c-myc, resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation. Signaling via the alpha7nAChR was enhanced when cells were maintained in an environment of 10-15% CO(2) similar to that in the diseased lung. Hamsters with hyperoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis developed neuroendocrine lung carcinomas similar to human SCLC when treated with NNK, DEN, or nicotine. The development of the NNK-induced tumors was prevented by green tea or theophylline. The beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol or theophylline blocked NNK-induced cell proliferation in vitro. NNK and nicotine-induced hyperactivity of the alpha7nAChR/RAF/ERK1/2 pathway thus appears to play a crucial role in the development of SCLC in smokers and could be targeted for cancer prevention.
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PMID:Nitrosamines as nicotinic receptor ligands. 1745 20

Indium-111 octreotide scintigraphy is a useful investigation in the diagnosis and staging neuroendocrine or nonendocrine malignancies such as carcinoid, granulomas, small cell lung cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and others. Tumors with large numbers of somatostatin receptors can be accurately imaged and this can be useful in guiding treatment. Although uncommon, false-positives studies have been reported and often the cause is unexplained but assumed to be a high number of somatostatin receptors in other pathology. We present a case with increased uptake resulting in a scan due to pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Increased activity on In-111 octreotide imaging due to radiation fibrosis. 1809 60


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