Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied central and peripheral airways as determinants of ventilatory function in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB), bronchial asthma (BA), and emphysema (CPE), which were identified using the selective alveolobronchogram (SAB) (see reference 14). First, the relationship between SAB and morphologic findings in the airway was examined in 16 autopsy lungs. The irregularity indices of both central (C-II) and peripheral airways (P-II), obtained from SAB, showed a significant correlation with pathologic abnormalities in both airways (p less than 0.01). Second, SAB were obtained in 38 CB, 25 BA, and 62 CPE patients in whom pulmonary function tests were performed. In CB, C-II were significantly correlated with P-II (p less than 0.001). In CB, inspiratory lung resistance (RL) was significantly correlated with P-II (p less than 0.001) and with C-II (p less than 0.01), and FEV/VC% was significantly correlated with P-II (p less than 0.0001) but not with C-II. In BA and CPE, little correlation was observed between any SAB parameter and RL or FEV/VC%. We conclude that the present SAB parameters represent morphometric abnormalities of the central and peripheral airways, and that in CB, peripheral airway abnormalities correlated well with chronic airway obstruction.
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PMID:Central and peripheral airways as determinants of ventilatory function in patients with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma. 378 17

One hundred men and 100 women between the ages of 70 and 89 years were examined clinically and with pulmonary function tests to determine the prevalence and type of chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease in very old people. Rhonchi were present in 45% of the old men and 24% of the old women. Obstruction to air flow (FEV(1) < 60% of FVC) was demonstrated in 23% of the men and 6% of the women. Chronic bronchitis was present in 32% and 12% of the old men and women, respectively. Only five individuals, all men, showed emphysema as defined by significant obstruction to air flow with a low diffusing capacity. In old people there was a relationship between smoking, chronic cough and obstruction to air flow.
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PMID:The prevalence and type of chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease in very old people. 495 76

Of 72 patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema, emphysema occurred either alone or in association with bronchitis in 61, and 8 of these (13%) were found to have alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. The main features of this condition are: exertional dyspnoea of relatively early onset (generally between 30 and 45 years of age), severely impaired FEV(1) and T(L)CO, and radiological emphysema predominantly affecting the lower zones of the lungs. It is probable that any patient with all the above abnormalities has alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. There is evidence to suggest that cigarette smoking may hasten the onset of this type of emphysema.
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PMID:Pulmonary emphysema and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. 555 Dec 41

Various lung volumes and flows were measured in five children (aged 9-11 years), a male adolescent and one adult, all carriers of the homozygotic form of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi-Z type). In five patients lung function tests demonstrated overdistention, in three decreased CO diffusion capacity, as an expression of pulmonary emphysema at an early stage. Airway obstruction was not demonstrable in any of the patients (normal values for FEV 1, Tiffeneau test, peak flow and V25, V50 and V75). There was a correlation between the level of alpha 2-macroglobulin and the CO diffusion capacity, as well as between alpha 1-antitrypsin level and residual volumes. In one child there was evidence of minor liver involvement; in the other six patients, all liver-dependent serum enzymes were within normal limits. The findings suggest that the lung changes typical of adult homozygotic carriers of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency have their beginning in childhood.
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PMID:[Lung functions in children with marked alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi-Z type) (author's transl)]. 617 85

In a prospective study during the period January-May 1992, 362 consecutive out-patients above 65 years of age, attending the pulmonary department for chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD), were ultrasonographically screened for an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA). Data from pulmonary function tests together with history of cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, peripheral arterial obstructive disease, smoking and corticosteroid medication were collected. 30/282 men and 6/80 women with COPD had an AAA > or = 30 mm in diameter, which equals a prevalence of 9.9% (95% confidence limits: 6.8-13.0%). COPD patients with severe emphysema, having a decreased forced expiratory volume/vital capacity ratio (FEV/VC) of < 55%, have a significantly higher prevalence of aortic dilatation or AAA compared to COPD patients with mild or moderate decreased FEV/VC (chi-squared test: p < 0.05, alpha = 0.05). In the group of patients with AAA, significantly more smokers were seen compared to the group with normal and dilated aortas (chi-squared test: p < 0.05).
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PMID:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and abdominal aortic aneurysms. 835 93

It has been suggested that respiratory muscle dysfunction plays a major role in the development of acute ventilatory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we devised a respiratory muscle relaxation maneuver using wedge-shaped wooden plates, with which pressure was exerted on the intercostal and accessory respiratory muscles by hand, or by tapping with a wooden hammer, for 15-20 minutes twice a day. The muscle relaxation maneuver was performed in 5 moderate to severe pulmonary emphysema patients for 4 weeks and in 7 emphysema patients for 6 weeks, and the effects on pulmonary function were examined. After the therapy, inspiratory capacity (IC) and vital capacity (VC) in both the 4 weeks-and 6 weeks-treated groups, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1.0) in the 6 weeks-treated group were significantly increased, and CO2 retention had also improved. Daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) showed significant increases from 2 weeks after the initiation of the therapy. These results suggest that the respiratory muscle relaxation maneuver is effective for improving the pulmonary function of pulmonary emphysema patients.
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PMID:Effects of muscle relaxation therapy using specially designed plates in patients with pulmonary emphysema. 893 82

We have experienced three elderly cases who underwent thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer complicated by emphysema. Cases 1, 2 and 3, respectively aged 76, 78 and 80 years, had required the oxygen therapy preoperatively. Allowing for poor pulmonary reserve, a thoracoscopic partial pulmonary resection for lung cancer combined with Nd-YAG laser pneumoplasty for emphysema was designed. The respective values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1.0) for cases 1 and 2 increased from 470 and 820 to 860 and 1620 ml. Reductions in residual volumes (RV) for cases 1, 2 and 3 were from 2770, 4940 and 5230 to 2370, 4500 and 3250 ml. The degrees of respiratory failure in the Hugh-Jones classification for cases 1, 2 and 3 were up-graded from V, IV and IV, respectively, to III, II and II, postoperatively. In conclusion, our thoracoscopic treatment, designed for elderly patients with poor pulmonary reserve, allows improvement of emphysema as well as resection of lung cancer.
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PMID:Thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer complicated by emphysema in elderly patients. Report of three cases. 902 82

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of bovine pericardial strips (Peri-Strip) to achieve aerostasis within emphysematous lungs. A preliminary evaluation included 15 patients (13 men and 2 women, mean age 57 years) with severe emphysema (mean FEV-1: 28.6 +/- 10.2% of predicted, mean RV: 18.4 +/- 41.3% of predicted). Two patients were on ventilator owing to acute respiratory failure. Indication for surgery was elective surgery for emphysema in 9 patients, emergency surgery for emphysema in 2, and resection for bronchogenic cancer in 4 patients. The various procedures included single aerostasis in 1, unilateral bullectomy in 6, bilateral volume reduction in 4, thoracoscopic wedge resection for peripheral cancer in 1 and lobectomy for cancer in 3 (2 of which underwent simultaneous bullectomy) Peri-Strip were used to buttress the staple lines at the base of bullae, on parenchymatous transsection lines, and on the borders of fissures. One patient who underwent emergency thoracotomy for single aerostasis died 8 days post-operatively due to multiple organ failure. Another patient developed pneumonia which resolved under treatment. Mean duration of air leaks was 5.6 days (0-21, median 8). Two patients required tube thoracotomy for residual effusions. Mean hospital stay was 17 days (6-53; median 16). We conclude that use of Peri-Strip offered a real benefit to 12 patients; no evidence of benefit was noted in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Do pericardial strips (Peri-Strip) facilitate the follow-up after pulmonary surgery in emphysematous patients?]. 929 5

The aim of this study was to investigate the respective effects of micronodules and pulmonary emphysema, detected by computed tomography (CT), on lung function in workers exposed to silica and coal mine dust. Eighty-three subjects exposed to silica (n=35) or to coal mine dust (n=48), without progressive massive fibrosis, were investigated by high-resolution and conventional CT scans to detect micronodules and to quantify pulmonary emphysema by measuring the relative area of the lung with attenuation values lower than -950 Hounsfield units. Sixty-six (54.5%) subjects had evidence of micronodules on CT scans. Smokers had micronodules more rarely than nonsmokers. Significant correlations were found between the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1); % predicted) (r=-0.41, p<0.001), FEV1/vital capacity (VC) (r=-0.61, p<0.001), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL,CO) (r=-0.36, p<0.001) and the extent of emphysema. No difference was demonstrated in the linear relationships between the extent of emphysema and the pulmonary function according to the type of exposure or the presence of micronodules on CT scans. This study suggests that micronodules detected by computed tomography have no influence, by themselves, on pulmonary function and that they should only be considered as a marker of exposure.
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PMID:Micronodules and emphysema in coal mine dust or silica exposure: relation with lung function. 986 90

Changes in intrapulmonary compression gas volume during flow-volume curve measurement were studied in 77 patients with bronchial asthma, 20 patients with emphysema, and 14 patients with pulmonary fibrosis. The peak point of intrapulmonary compression gas volume was observed at FEF 75 in the bronchial asthma and emphysema patients, and of FEF 25 in the pulmonary fibrosis patients. In the bronchial asthma patients, intrapulmonary compression gas volume increased significantly compared to the healthy control groups; that increase was especially obvious in cases where airway obstruction was severe, e.g. when FEV 1.0% was below 69% (p < 0.05). By contrast, the emphysema patients did not exhibit any significant increase in intrapulmonary compression gas volume compared to healthy control groups despite the existence of obstructive impairments. This study demonstrated that the intrapulmonary compression gas volume-curve is a useful index for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases when combined with measurements of FVC and FEV 1.0%.
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PMID:[Changes in intrapulmonary compression gas volume during measurement of the flow-volume curve]. 1039 Sep 63


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