Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 59 year old man, ex smoker, with severe emphysema and marked exercise intolerance was subjected to unilateral lung volume reduction surgery. The permanent improvement in lung function tests, arterial blood gases and exercise tolerance lasting up to two years was observed.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1999
PMID:[Spirometric and exercise tolerance improvement after lung volume reduction surgery in a patient with emphysema]. 1049 47

Histiocytosis X (HX), also referred as Langerhans cell granulomatosis is a disorder characterized by the presence of destructive granulomas containing Langerhans cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and fibroblastes in the involved organs. Three presentations are commonly observed: 1) nonproductive cough or effort dyspnea, 2) spontaneous pneumothorax 3) incidental pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray in asymptomatic patients. HRCT may be helpful in the initial diagnosis of pulmonary HX. HRCT scans show nodules, cysts and estimate the extent of disease. But the final diagnosis of histiocytosis X requires the histologic demonstration of specific histiocytosis X cell in biopsy specimens of the lung. The aim of this study was to define the importance of the detection of Langerhans cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for the diagnosis of HX. The searched cells express a specific CD1 antigen, recognized by the monoclonal antibody OKT-6. In our study the demonstration of more than 5% of CD1 positive cells was defined to confirm HX. We have studied the BALF in 21 patients with suspected histiocytosis X. In BALF of 4 patients more than 5% of CD1 positive cells were found. In 1 of them HX was confirmed with open lung biopsy. Two patients displayed 5% of CD1 positive cells. The final diagnosis of the first patient was hypersensitivity pneumonitis and of the second one was bronchitis chronica. In 5 patients out of 15 patients in whom less than 5% of CD1 positive cells were found histiocytosis X was histologically proven. In other 10 patients the following disorders were histologically recognised: pulmonary emphysema 3 cases, pneumoconiosis-3, LMA-BOOP-1, sarcoidosis-1 and pleuritis eosinophilica-1. The estimation of Langerhans cells in BALF can be a useful method among the diagnostic procedures for histiocytosis X. It is necessary to remember that demonstration of less than 5% of CD1 positive cells do not exclude histiocytosis X.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1999
PMID:[Usefulness of CD1 expression on surfaces of cells in bronchoalveolar fluid for diagnosis of histiocytosis X--our experience]. 1064 82

2421 patients with pneumothorax (491 women and 1930 men), at the mean age of 42 years were treated in the Institute of TB and Lung Diseases in years 1975-1997. There were 2209 cases with primary pneumothorax and 739 (33%) cases with recurrent pneumothorax. Among these 739 patients, only 439 patients were treated previously in the Institute of TB and Lung Diseases because of the primary pneumothorax. Percentage of the "own recurrences" was 16.7%. Only 34% of patients were admitted to the hospital before the elapse of 12 hours after the appearance of symptoms; the next 11% of patients--before 24 hours. The rest of the patients were hospitalised later than the above mentioned time, even 7 days after the first symptoms. A mean duration of hospitalisation of patients with primary pneumothorax was 12 days, with the recurrent pneumothorax--13.6 days. In 1/3 of patients pneumothorax was related to exertion. Chest X-ray showed partial pneumothorax in 3/4 of patients, total pneumothorax--in 1/4 of patients. The general condition of 1/3 of patients was assessed as medium-heavy and heavy. In 703 cases (29%) coexistence of emphysema bullosa was found, in 524 cases (22%)--a past tuberculosis lesions, in 42 cases--neoplasm, in 589 cases (20%)--inflammation of the respiratory system. Conservative management was applied in 211 patients (7%). It was satisfactory in 94% of cases. The intercostal tube drainage was performed in 2583 patients (88%). The duration of drainage lasted from 2 to 551 days (x = 6.6 (4.9 days). The results of treatment were satisfactory in 76% of cases, without any complications. In 331 patients the most important complication was the leakage of air lasting longer than 7 days. In 167 patients the result of treatment was unsatisfactory. Thoracotomy was performed on 152 patients. Twelve patients (0.46%) died.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2000
PMID:[Evaluation of surgical treatment results for pneumothorax in patients from the Institute of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases]. 1096 98

Respiratory insufficiency appearing during chronic lung diseases leads to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis, right ventricular failure and secondary polyglobulia. These disturbances lead to respiratory encephalopathy which is characterized by the appearance of various types of neurological syndromes. We present here the case of a patient suffering from chronic spastic bronchitis accompanied by pulmonary emphysema, whose consciousness disturbances, a generalized epileptic seizure and hemiparesis were connected with his respiratory insufficiency intensifying during the basic disease. Removal of metabolic disturbances caused by respiratory insufficiency has a key role in preventing secondary neurological syndromes.
Neurol Neurochir Pol 1999
PMID:[A case of hypoxic encephalopathy in the course of chronic spastic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema]. 1110 77

Spontaneous emphysema is not only the rate complication of bronchial asthma but may also be the first, atypical manifestation of the disease. We have presented here the case report of a young man in whom the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax led to the diagnosis of bronchial asthma.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 2000 Dec
PMID:[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax as the initial manifestation of bronchial asthma. Case report]. 1142 66

Transthoracic fine-needle biopsy (TFNB) is a valuable method of recognizing changes in lungs, especially suspected of cancer. Such operations are cheap, don't demand expensive instruments and are possible to perform in each pneumonology ward, especially if they are an ideal supplement for bronchofibroscoping examination. The possibility of quick and effective performance of transthoracic biopsy shortens the diagnostics considerably. From January 1997 to April 1999 there were performed 406 operations of TFNB. There were 334 people operated on (294 men--74.5%; 85 women--25.5%), average age for the whole group of patients--62.8 (+/- 10.4 years). The patients were divided into two groups considering hospitalization places: I--patients from (not transported for operation)--135 (40.4%), II--patients transported for operation from another hospitals--199 (59.6%) The examination was performed under control of rtg apparatus (7600 OEC Medical System with mobile x-ray tube on a C-arm and laser localizer). The usual complication was an pneumothorax--52 cases (12.8%); drained--16 cases (3.9%). An average depth of inserting in an early pneumothorax is 6.56 (+/- 0.73), in a late pneumothorax--8.6 cm (+/- 1.75), (p = 0.0015). An average depth of inserting in a drained pneumothorax was 8.9 cm (+/- 2.17), in a non-drained pneumothorax 7.7 cm (+/- 1.3) (p = 0.024). Patients that had to be transported for the operation had pneumothoraxes that needed to be drained considerably more often: 14 cases in 199 comparing to 2 in 135 among patients not demanding to be transported (p = 0.02). Pneumothoraxes appeared more often after indicating tumors of smaller size, from 3 cm--21.6%; 3.1-6 cm--13.3% (p = 0.036). From another complications one could notice: hemoptysis--4 cases; subcutaneous emphysema--1 case; fever and shivers--1 case; hypotonia--2 cases; cough--1 case. Those complications were treated symptomatically or vanished themselves.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2001 Oct
PMID:[Frequency of complications after transthoracic fine-needle biopsy of lung tumors]. 1177 Mar 9

The aim of the study was evaluation of early results of tracheal resection with end to end anastomosis. Tracheal resection was performed in 5 patients with tracheal stenosis resulting from prolonged intubation. Three patients were admitted without tracheostomy, in two patients tracheostomy was performed in another hospital. Diagnostic tracheoscopy was performed in all the patients and the tracheal stenosis was found in a distance of 2.5-4 cm from the vocal cords. The diameter of stenosis was 1-4 mm, and the length of stenosis was as long as 3-5 cartilages of trachea. Three cartilages were resected in one patient, 4 cartilages in two patients and 5 cartilages in two patients. End to end anastomosis was performed using absorbable sutures (Vicryl 2-0). The intubation tube was removed just after the surgery. Four patients had no complication after the operation and one patient had temporary subcutaneous emphysema in the neck. For 4-11 months follow up after operation all the patients have had good breathing. Tracheal resection with end to end anastomosis is effective method of treatment of tracheal stenosis.
Otolaryngol Pol 2003
PMID:[Resection of tracheal stenosis with end to end anastomosis]. 1289 28

The authors present a case of unsuccessful treatment of pneumothorax which was associated with hilar tumor. A typical underwater-seal system was installed in a 79-year-old patient, but the lung was still collapsed. Because of prolonged air leak, the patient was operated on. During the surgical procedure several bullae in the lung and the inoperable hilar carcinoma were diagnosed. Despite the absence of air leak, the failure of the lung to re-expand was noted postoperatively. However, recurrent air leak, subcutaneous emphysema and respiratory failure caused the patient's death.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2004 Nov
PMID:[Unsuccessful treatment of pneumothorax which was associated with hilar tumor]. 1575 38

Four patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1 AT) deficiency are presented: one woman with severe (phenotype PiZ) and 3 men with moderate (phenotype PiMZ) deficiency of alpha-1 AT. The variability of clinical presentation of hereditary emphysema is described. In all patients tobacco smoking history, spirometric and 6-minutes walking tests as well as HRCT of the lung were performed and compared. The influence of smoking on the functional status is underlined.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2004
PMID:[The variability of clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]. 1602 98

An increased risk for the development of emphysema occurs in all carriers of deficient variants of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (A1AT). A DNA polymorphism in the 3' promoter region of A1AT gene (locus Pi), which is important for a modulation of gene expression in a response to inflammation, seems to be an additional genetic risk factor for emphysema. In the study, we present two relatively young patients with panlobular lung emphysema associated with a normal level of A1AT in serum. To contribute to our knowledge about a molecular basis of the pulmonary changes, the evaluation of A1AT phenotype with the use of an isoelectrofocusing of serum proteins and the analysis of DNA polymorphism in the 3' region of A1AT gene (Taq I RFLP) have been performed. The obtained results indicate on a necessity to include procedures of A1AT phenotyping and locus Pi genotyping in both the population screening of patients and the detailed clinical diagnostics of young patients with emphysema and/or COPD.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2005
PMID:[Analysis of alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes and genotypes in patients with early-onset pulmonary emphysema]. 1653 78


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