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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author diagnosed cough, emphysema and the symptoms characteristic for the bronchial asthma in 43% of patients with seasonal allergy (rhinitis, conjunctivitis) to pollens. Such symptoms were more frequent (51% of cases) in patients allergic to the grass pollens with coexisting hypersensitivity to Compositae family. Asthmatic symptoms in patients allergic only to grass pollens were seen in 38%. The author suggests that prolonged exposition in the inhalatory allergens (from two to four-five months) plays an important role in asthma onset in such patients. It rather delays than accelerates admittance to allergic clinics.
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Bronchial asthma in hay fever]. 223 9

Forty patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema qualified for domiciliary oxygen treatment according to widely accepted criteria were assessed. Only two patients had normal pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary arterial pressure correlated well with oxygen arterial partial pressure. It seems that pulmonary hemodynamic studies are not necessary in patient qualification for domiciliary oxygen therapy. Short oxygen therapy (30 min.) produced only a small decrease of pulmonary artery pressure from 31 +/- 10 to 29 +/- 8 mm Hg. Only in 7 patients was the fall greater than 5 mm Hg. Fall of pressure in pulmonary artery produced by oxygen correlated only with initial pulmonary artery pressure and rose proportionally with increase of pressure.
Pneumonol Pol 1989 Feb
PMID:[Pulmonary arterial pressure and the effect of short term oxygen therapy on it in patients qualified for home oxygen treatment]. 258 99

A decrease in the arterial blood saturation by oxygen in patients with POChP is a frequent phenomenon. It is more serious in patients type blue boaters and less frequent among patients type pink puffers. The aim of the paper was to compare the arterial blood saturation by oxygen in the groups examined during two nights: during the first night the patients breathed atmospheric air whereas during the second night they were given oxygen. The author also studied the influence of oxygenation of an organism on the frequency of cardiac rhythm disorders (ZRS). The author examined a group of 20 patients with the predominance of chronic bronchitis--blue boaters (average VC was 1.95 l, FEV1--0.81 l, PaO2 while breathing atmospheric air 52 mm Hg and 68 mm Hg after giving oxygen, PaCO2 47 and 51 mm Hg respectively) and 20 patients with the predominance of emphysema--pink puffers (average VC--2.30 l, FEV1--0.86 l, PaO2 while breathing atmospheric air 60 mm Hg and 70 mm Hg after giving oxygen, PaCO2 39 and 40 mm respectively). It was found that the patients with heavy hypoxaemia and hypercapnia had worse arterial blood saturation by oxygen during the two nights of investigation in comparison with the other group. The author also found more frequent cardiac rhythm disorders in this group of patients. Giving oxygen improved blood oxygenation in the two groups and lowered the frequency of cardiac rhythm disorders. The results obtained indicate to the need of oxygen therapy in patients with advanced POChP, especially during the night so as to avoid nocturnal hypoxaemia of an organism.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1989 May
PMID:[Nocturnal hypoxemia and arrhythmia in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD)]. 262 58

In this study the authors tried to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoke (source of oxidants) vitamin C and E (antioxidants) on elastase induced pulmonary emphysema in hamsters. Using morphometry the internal area of pulmonary alveoli was calculated. The results of this study differ from other similar studies because no effect of tobacco smoke could be demonstrated. The authors discuss this finding.
Pneumonol Pol 1989 May
PMID:[Experimental studies on the effect of tobacco smoke, vitamin C and vitamin E on elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema]. 263 50

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protease and antiprotease activity in the fluid obtained from the culture of cells isolated from the lungs of animals with experimental emphysema. An attempt was made to correlate the results of biochemical examinations with adherence degree and ultrastructural changes of the surface of BAL-isolated cells. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, of 180-220 g b.w. Two i.p. injections of BCG-vaccine (4 x 10(8) microorganisms) on the 1st and 14th day were applied as macrophage mobilizing and activating agent. Papain (2 mg/l ml/100 g b.w.) was given once i.t. on the 21st day. The animals were sacrificed on the 28th day of the experiment. We found a correlation between the increase in the cell adherence and ultrastructural changes (in SEM), suggesting an increased activity of the cells isolated from BCG-treated rats. In the culture medium of cells isolated from the rats which were given BCG or papain and BCG+papain we observed an increased base protease activity and decreased Cathepsin D activity comparing with the control group. Increased antitrypsin activity in the BCG and BCG+papain-treated rats and decreased antitrypsin activity in papain-treated rats only was observed, too. There was no obvious difference in the levels of the antiplasmin and antichymotrypsin activities between the groups. The present results indicate that activated pulmonary macrophages are one of the sources of the protease-antiprotease intraalveolar imbalance. However, an increased production of proteolytic enzymes may not be the only factor responsible for the progression of lung emphysema in BCG-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pol J Pathol 1995
PMID:Comparison of morphological and biochemical changes of BAL-isolated cells in experimental lung emphysema. 749 38

Oxidants of cigarette smoke and those released from phagocytes in smoker's lungs may inactivate alpha-1-antiproteinase. Thus, the "elastase-antielastase" imbalance may lead to lung tissue destruction and emphysema. Insufficient antioxidant protection, postulated by some authors might be an additional factor contributing to this process. The presented data on the influence of acute in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke in humans did not show difference in serum antioxidant activity (AOA) before and after the exposure. Attempts were made to evaluate the effect of whole cigarette smoke, its gas-phase and water-soluble phase on serum AOA in vitro. The results show that gas-phase leads to the depletion of serum AOA, whereas water-soluble phase exerts protective effect. Thus, at least part of oxidants might be inactivated in the stream of inhaled smoke. In conclusion, we doubt that serum AOA is influenced as a result of smoking and that the depletion of serum AOA is a decisive factor in the development of pulmonary emphysema.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1995
PMID:[Effect of tobacco smoke on serum antioxidant activity]. 763 68

We investigated the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (T) and metal ions (Cu, Zn) in serum of healthy smokers, emphysema patients and healty non-smoking subjects (control). We observed elevated Cu concentration in smokers and emphysema patients. Elevated CP concentration was observed only in those emphysema patients who smoked cigarettes, but not in healthy smokers. This observation excludes the possibility of compensative CP and Cu increase as the effect of chronic oxidant exposure. Changes in concentration of CP and Cu observed by us are probably due to chronic inflammation of respiratory tract not only of emphysema patients but also of chronic smokers without signs of the disease.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1995
PMID:[Evaluation of selected factors induced by antioxidative activity in serum of cigarette smokers and in patients with early phase emphysema]. 764 36

Quantitative and morphological analyses (in SEM) of blood platelets collected from the left and right ventricles of the rat heart in the course of experimental lung emphysema were done. Platelet aggregation index was estimated, too. Emphysema was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of papain solution in a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w/1 ml PBS. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 24 hours and 7, 14, 28 days later. Within 24 hours of the experiment a slight decrease was observed in the number of platelets in the blood collected from the left ventricle compared to the right one as well as to control animals. Also a reduction in platelet aggregation coefficient value was noted. However, in the later period of emphysema progression (after 7th day), a statistically significant increase was found in the number of blood platelets in the left ventricle. A relation was noted between quantitative changes of blood platelets and emphysema progression evaluated morphometrically. The ultrastructural examinations in SEM suggest the occurrence of platelet satellitosis in animals intratracheally injected with papain solution. The present results indicate the possibility of a significant contribution of blood platelets to the pathogenesis of experimental lung emphysema.
Pol J Pathol 1994
PMID:Blood platelets in experimental lung emphysema. Comparative analysis of the number and aggregation abilities of platelets in left and right ventricular blood of the heart. 769 33

In 78 patients with pulmonary emphysema (49 smokers, 29 nonsmokers) urinary desmosine excretion (UDE) and neutrophil elastase activity (NE) were evaluated. UDE and NE were similar in smokers and nonsmokers and significantly higher than in age, sex-matched control groups. UDE correlated better with NE in nonsmokers than in smokers. Cigarette smoking did not effect UDE in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Obtained results indicate, that UDE measurement could be used in diagnosis and monitoring of lung elastolysis in pulmonary emphysema and suggest the key role of neutrophil elastase in pathogenesis of this disorder.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1994
PMID:[Evaluation of desmosine excretion in urine and activity of elastase in neutrophils of patients with pulmonary emphysema]. 807 6

Ultrastructural changes in alveolar epithelial cells and free alveolar cells after a single intratracheal papain injection were studied. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, of 180-220 g body weight. The animals were sacrificed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days following proteolytic enzyme administration. The study revealed that the development of emphysematous changes in the rat lungs was accompanied by alterations in the epithelium of alveoli. In early stages of emphysema (up to 1 week) destructive changes predominated in the epithelial cells. In later periods an increased number of type II pneumocytes were seen and focal accumulation of elastic and collagenic fibres was noticed in alveolar septa. Correlation was found between changes in ultrastructure and number of type II cells, alveolar macrophages and neutrophils and alterations in the interstitium of alveolar septa.
Pol J Pathol 1994
PMID:Ultrastructural analysis of the type II epithelial cells and free alveolar cells in experimental lung emphysema. 817 20


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