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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Schizophrenia has been defined as an indentifiable disorder based on phenomenologic classification. Support for this concept is derived from consistent observations of a low frequency of the disorder in general populations throughout the world but substantially higher frequency of occurrence in siblings of affected individuals. The rates of concurrence in diagnosis for schizophrenia, surprisingly, vary in similar degree to those found for a series of physical disorders such as cervical cancer, emphysema and bronchitis, and electrocardiographic evaluations of cardiac disorder. The most recent findings from cross-national diagnostic studies of mental disorder uphold the need for a regular, more definitive classification system that is considered from both the service and research points of view.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Jan
PMID:Classification in schizophrenia. 108 2

The case of a 65-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is presented to demonstrate the nature of depression in this disease entity. The patient responded to the therapeutic environment on a psychiatric ward that was comforting to patients with chronic medical illnesses. The use of brief psychotherapy and psychopharmacology in patients with emphysema is also reviewed.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1988 Mar
PMID:The depressed patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 336 Mar 14

The authors studied the relationship between patient self-reported symptoms and responses to a general measure of health-related quality of life [Short Form 36 (SF-36)] for 102 patients who had chronic lung disease [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < 70%]. The primary diagnoses were chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma; the mean age was 62 years, and 46% were women. Based upon Medical Research Council (MRC) symptom scores, the patients' disease severity was classified as mild (21%), moderate (22%), or severe (57%). The SF-36 scores differed significantly between disease severity groups in domains of health perception, physical functioning, physical role, and energy. The SF-36 physical functioning and Oxygen Cost Diagram scores correlated well (r = 0.78). The authors conclude that SF-36 is a useful and valid measure of general health status in patients with chronic lung disorders.
J Gen Intern Med 1994 Jan
PMID:Relationship between symptoms and health-related quality of life in chronic lung disease. 813 49

The clinical features and distinguishing characteristics of the less common causes of chronic airflow obstruction have been reviewed. Clearly, the majority of patients have cigarette-induced chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. However, for those patients with chronic airflow obstruction who are younger than 40 years old and/or have no or modest (less than 20 pack-years) smoking histories, a detailed assessment is warranted. A logical approach to the evaluation of the patient with dyspnea and chronic airflow obstruction has been outlined, with the goal of identifying those patients with potentially reversible disease, and to underscore the fact that not all "COPD" is due to cigarette smoking.
J Gen Intern Med 1993 Oct
PMID:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: less common causes--an algorithm for the primary care physician. 827 Oct 90

Several studies have shown a carcinogenic effect of inhaled or injected cadmium in rats. This carcinogenity has not yet been confirmed in humans. We have performed a study with 48 Wistar male rats, to which we have administered either cadmium sulphide (0.2 mg/Kg/day) or the same doses of placebo for four or eight days. 24 hours after the last administration, the rats were euthanised and an autopsy was performed. The histologic changes in the lung of the cadmium-exposed group were diffuse areas of alveolar collapse due to narrowing of the bronchioles secondary to the alteration of the surrounding connective tissue, with compensating alveolar emphysema near these foci and also at the periphery of the lung. There was also an increased number of intra-alveolar macrophages. We also noticed small foci of dysplasia in the alveolar epithelium. Ultrastructural changes were inspecific but suggested a toxic effect of cadmium on the epithelium. These findings, absent in the control group, confirm that intrathoracic injection of cadmium is associated with an increased tendency to the development of pulmonary emphysema and with dysplastic changes in the alveolar epithelium (peribronchiolar alveolar dysplasia).
Gen Diagn Pathol 1996 May
PMID:Pulmonary toxicity of cadmium in rats: a histologic and ultrasound study. 878 Sep 37

The local increase in the secretion of extracellular proteases, allowing cleavage of the extracellular matrix and thereby facilitating the infiltration of T cells, monocytes and neutrophils, is a hallmark of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In pulmonary genetic diseases, such as emphysema and cystic fibrosis, proteases can also favour the development of local immunodeficiency by degrading key regulators of the immune response, such as CD4, CD8, IgG, ICAM-1 and C3b receptors. Since several infectious agents can give rise to severe pulmonary disorders associated with opportunistic infections, we sought to determine whether an increase in proteolytic activity occurred during infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the causative agent of a new disease in swine characterized by severe respiratory problems in young pigs. Piglets were infected with the virus and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected at various times post-infection to measure the net proteolytic activity. It was shown that PRRSV infection leads to a significant increase in proteolytic activity in pulmonary fluids. Maximal activity was found at 7 and 14 days post-infection, with a return towards normal levels at day 42. Zymographic analyses showed a significant increase in the secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 2 and 9, two enzymes involved in tissue remodelling. Histological analyses showed a correlation between the increase in proteolytic activity and the appearance of lesions that were characterized by massive lymphomononuclear cell infiltration. These results suggest that virus infection of the lungs can lead to a transient increase in proteolytic activity that could favour opportunistic infection.
J Gen Virol 2001 Jun
PMID:Increased proteolytic activity and matrix metalloprotease expression in lungs during infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. 1136 68

Subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema and pneumo-mediastinum are relatively rare complications from different dental procedures (including oral surgery and restorative treatment). Many cases go unrecognized or are misdiagnosed. While the majority of cases resolve spontaneously, some can lead to life-threatening complications that require emergency intervention. This article presents a case report of subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema following a routine restorative dental procedure. The differential diagnosis and management of this condition is discussed.
Gen Dent
PMID:Subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema and pneumo-mediastinum: a rare complication after a crown preparation. 1583 14

Contralateral intraoperative tension pneumothorax is a rare complication of thoracic surgical procedures. Here we present three cases of tension pneumothorax that developed during single-lung transplantation for emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report of contralateral intraoperative tension pneumothorax during single-lung transplantation. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for the detection of this potentially catastrophic complication.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008 Jun
PMID:Intraoperative contralateral pneumothorax during single-lung transplantation. 1856 28

Democrats and Republicans have turned to the concept of "high-risk pools" to provide health care for those Americans who face the dual challenge of uninsurance and serious health difficulties. Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), these "high-risk" individuals will receive extensive help and regulatory protections, in concert with a new system of health insurance exchanges. However, these federal provisions do not become operational until 2014. As an interim measure, PPACA provides $5 billion for temporary, federally funded high-risk pools, now known as the Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan (PCIP). This analysis explores the adequacy of such funding. Using 2005/06 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we find that approximately 4 million uninsured Americans have been diagnosed with emphysema, diabetes, stroke, cancer, congestive heart failure, angina, or a heart attack. To provide adequate health care for uninsured individuals with chronic diseases, the federal PCIP appropriations would need to be many times higher than either Democrats or Republicans have proposed.
J Gen Intern Med 2011 Jan
PMID:High-risk pools for the sick and uninsured under health reform: too little and thus too late. 2081 57

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare, highly fatal disease that occurs as a complication of a cervical or odontogenic infection spreading into the mediastinum. We herein report of a 50-year-old man with DNM and severe thoracic emphysema who was successfully treated using surgical drainage by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and a transcervical approach. Chest enhanced computed tomography on admission revealed massive left pleural effusion, pneumothorax, absolute collapse of the left lung, and a mediastinal shift to the right side with emphysema. We urgently performed left thoracic and mediastinal drainage using VATS. Retropharyngeal and upper mediastinal drainage was performed transcervically on the third hospital day. He recovered and was discharged on hospital day 57. Surgical drainage is the most important therapy in the treatment of DNM, but there is no standard surgical approach. We believe that VATS is a less invasive, effective modality for draining the posterior mediastinum.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010 Nov
PMID:Successful treatment for descending necrotizing mediastinitis with severe thoracic emphysema using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. 2106 99


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