Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The feline model of respiratory hypersensitivity induced by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin has been studied. IgE serum antibodies were present for 3-10 weeks following sensitization, with maximum titers occurring between 50 and 70 days. Similarly, peak passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions occurred between 50 and 70 days. Alveolar macrophages, obtained by tracheal lavage at 65 days after sensitization, produced elastase like and collagenase-like secretions 48 h after challenge with ovalbumin in culture. Macrophages from nonsensitized cats did not produce these secretions. It is hypothesized that reaginic antibodies and sensitized alveolar macrophages, such as those found in the cat model, may be responsible in part for the destruction of lung tissue found in long-term respiratory diseases, similar to fibrosing alveolitis and pulmonary emphysema in man.
 ...
PMID:Increase in serum IgE levels of ovalbumin-sensitized cats and the detection of elastase and collagenase activities in secretions of sensitized feline alveolar macrophages challenged in vitro. 19 42

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, quantitative analysis of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were carried out by use of the radial immunodiffusion method. The concentration of IgE in sera was also determined by the radioactive radial immunodiffusion method. The mean value of serum IgG level in the group of cor pulmonale was higher than that in groups of emphysema, asthma and normal subjects. The mean value of serum IgA level was higher in two groups of cor pulmonale and emphysema than in the group of asthma and of normal subjects. There was no difference of serum IgM levels between these four groups. The mean value of serum IgE in the group of allergic asthma was higher than that in the group of non-allergic asthma or normal subjects and an elevated serum IgE level was also found in patients with cor pulmonale. Findings of this study suggested that the raised level of serum IgG in patients with chronic cor pulmonale might reflect production of antiheart antibodies against cardiac tissue.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulins in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases with special reference to cor pulmonale. 125 20

Forty elderly subjects who denied ever having asthma or emphysema on enrollment in a longitudinal epidemiologic study later reported consulting a doctor for asthma when they were older than 60 years of age. The average age at which the diagnosis was reported was 70.8 years, after a mean follow-up of 8.5 years. Findings on enrollment in the newly diagnosed subjects with asthma are compared with findings in the 1145 subjects who provided follow-up information when they were older than age 60 years but had never developed asthma. At the time of enrollment, most subjects later diagnosed as having asthma already had wheezing symptoms, suggesting at least a mild asthmatic state, and many subjects had impaired ventilatory function, a positive allergy skin test (especially in association with rhinitis), and blood eosinophilia. Thirty-five percent of the subjects recalled "respiratory trouble before age 16" despite denying prior asthma. The likelihood of a new asthma label was very closely related to the age-sex-standardized serum-IgE level before diagnosis. Newly diagnosed subjects with asthma demonstrated much greater rates of decline in FEV1 than control subjects or than subjects who already had known asthma on enrollment. We conclude that (1) symptoms suggesting asthma are usually present for many years before the diagnosis of the disease in elderly subjects, (2) the serum-IgE level is closely related to the likelihood of a subsequent asthma diagnosis, even in this age group, and (3) a rapid fall in lung function often occurs around the time of initial diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Findings before diagnoses of asthma among the elderly in a longitudinal study of a general population sample. 174 57

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of productive cough, dyspnea and stridor. Chest X-ray disclosed overinflation with micronodular infiltrates. Blood examination showed mild eosinophilia and IgE elevation. Pulmonary function test disclosed severe airway obstruction and diffusion capacity impairment. Although clinical improvement was achieved after bronchodilator therapy, laboratory abnormalities continued. Open lung biopsy demonstrated mononuclear cellular and eosinophilic infiltration at alveolar lumen and vessel walls without prominent fibrosis, which was compatible for prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia. From above findings, this case was thought as a prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia combined with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma.
 ...
PMID:[A case of prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma diagnosed by open lung biopsy]. 175 22

To characterize asthma in the elderly, 25 consecutive nonsmoking pulmonary clinic patients over the age of 70 who met the American Thoracic Society criteria for asthma were identified. Of these, 12 patients (48%) had developed asthma at an advanced age (greater than 65 yr). This group with late-onset asthma had a mean duration of disease of 5.1 +/- 2.5 yr. The remaining group with early-onset asthma had a mean duration of illness of 31.4 +/- 14.6 yr. On the day of evaluation each patient underwent pulmonary function testing off all medication for at least 12 h. These two groups were indistinguishable by symptoms and medication requirements. Immediate hypersensitivity skin testing to 43 aeroallergens was uniformly negative in all 25 patients but the histamine control was always positive. IgE levels in both groups were not different from those in elderly control subjects. Those with early-onset asthma had a greater likelihood of previous allergic disease (p less than 0.001) and a significantly greater degree of airflow obstruction in pre- and postbronchodilator pulmonary function testing (p less than 0.05). This study suggests that long-standing asthma may lead to chronic persistent airflow obstruction and thereby mimic chronic bronchitis and emphysema (COPD).
 ...
PMID:Asthma in the elderly. A comparison between patients with recently acquired and long-standing disease. 199 Sep 49

Bronchial obstruction, its reversibility, airway hyperreactivity and inflammation are key variables of asthma. In clinical practice they can be assessed with repeated noninvasive lung function measurements (spirometry and mucociliary clearance). The asthmatic inflammation in contrast to chronic bronchitis is characterized by increased IgE and eosinophils depending on the disease state (seasonal, perennial, chronic symptomatic or asymptomatic asthma). Based on the above-mentioned clinically applicable measurements, a classification of asthma, chronic (obstructive) bronchitis, and emphysema is proposed because the three groups of diseases have different etiology and need different prophylactic and symptomatic treatment.
 ...
PMID:Definition and assessment of asthma. 211 58

Autonomic nervous system function has been studied both in vitro and in vivo using a variety of methodologies. In asthmatic patients, beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness and alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic hyperresponsiveness can be frequently demonstrated. These observations have provided support for the beta blockade theory of asthma, advanced in the late 1960s by Andor Szentivanyi's experiments involving sensitized rodents. However, in addition to asthma, aberrations in autonomic nervous system function have been noted in other individuals including cystic fibrosis patients and their parents, patients with emphysema and bronchitis, and in patients (allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis) who have demonstrable IgE antibody responses to a variety of antigens. Thus, although these defects are not specific for asthma, it is noteworthy that these conditions share many clinical features; the ultimate phenotypic expression of these abnormalities may depend on both genetic and environmental factors that have yet to be defined.
 ...
PMID:Autonomic nervous system abnormalities and asthma. 215 65

Although of some value for understanding etiologic mechanisms, the classic diagnostic categories of asthma and emphysema and especially chronic bronchitis have not served clinicians well for defining prognosis and therapeutic options. Until more useful diagnostic categories are available, the choice of diagnostic tests should be guided more by their clinical usefulness than by their sensitivity and specificity for identifying classic diagnostic categories of obstructive lung disease. A history consistent with asthma is as good evidence of asthma as that provided by most tests, especially if combined with spirometric evidence of complete reversibility of episodes of obstruction. Positive bronchial challenge studies and partial responses to bronchodilators are common in asthma but of limited diagnostic specificity. Tests of allergic function are of limited specificity for asthma, although a low IgE level is rare. Findings of reduced expiratory flows, high TLC, and low DLCO, or radiologic signs of hyperinflation, bullae, and pulmonary vascular deficiency pattern are useful for diagnosing cases of severe emphysema, but they are of limited sensitivity for the detection of mild to moderate disease. Advances in high resolution CT offer promise of earlier diagnosis of emphysema. Making a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis based on defined criteria for chronic sputum production is easy but of limited clinical value. Prospective longitudinal studies and advances in technology promise more clinically useful diagnoses in the future.
 ...
PMID:The diagnosis of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. 220 39

A pilot study was performed to assess the prevalence of hyperreactive bronchial system (HBS) in various occupational lung diseases. 204 patient records were evaluated with the following diagnosis: Allergic rhinitis: (N = 25, 12%), allergic bronchial asthma (N = 70, 34%), toxic asthma (N = 22, 11%), silicosis (N = 12, 6%), asbestosis (N = 15, 7%), farmer's lung (N = 12, 6%), chronic unspecific respiratory syndrome (N = 48, 24%). In each case an inhalative methacholine test (MCHT) was performed. HBS was considered to be present whenever there was a resistance increase of more than 100% of the baseline values. The prevalence of HBS varied between 50% (asbestosis) and 77% (toxic asthma); the average was 68%. Allergic diseases showed a higher prevalence of 71% in comparison to nonallergic diseases with 65%. Patients with silicosis or asbestosis and without additional chronic bronchitis or emphysema demonstrate a "normal" prevalence of HBS of 11%. Age, gender, smoking, alcohol, family history of allergy and repeated bronchitis, the number of eosinophils in the blood. IgE concentration in serum showed no significant association with an increased prevalence of HBS. The coincidence of anamnestically affirmed or denied bronchial hypersensitivity to environmental factors, and the positive or negative result of the MCHT test, was relatively low, being only 43% in case of a "positive" test and 17% in case of a "negative" test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Pilot study of the prevalence of a hyperreactive bronchial system in various occupationally-induced lung diseases]. 238 88

Human lung mast cells were obtained from pulmonary tissue of normal individuals and patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema by enzymatic dispersion. Based on their density two mast cell subtypes, a formalin-sensitive (FS) and a formalin-insensitive (FI) cell type, could be separated. Although differences in anti-IgE-induced histamine release could be demonstrated for the mast cell subtypes of normal individuals, these experiments could not be performed for both mast cell subtypes from both patient groups. LTC4 and PGD2 release could be demonstrated for the FS- and FI-mast cell respectively. The release of PGD2 from FI-mast cells of patients with chronic bronchitis was enhanced as compared with normal subjects.
 ...
PMID:Mediator release from human lung mast cell subtypes in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 247 45


1 2 3 4 Next >>