Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proteinase-3 (PR-3) is a neutral serine proteinase present in the azurophil granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It degrades a variety of extracellular matrix proteins including elastin in vitro and causes emphysema when administered by tracheal insufflation to hamsters. It is identical to the target autoantigen (c-ANCA) associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and to myeloblastin, a serine proteinase first identified in HL-60 leukemia cells. In this study, the gene encoding PR-3 was cloned and sequenced. The gene spans approximately 6.5 kilobase pairs and consists of five exons and four introns. The genomic organization of PR-3 is similar to that of the other serine proteinases expressed in hemopoietic cells. Each residue of the catalytic triad of PR-3 is located on a separate exon, and the positions of the residues within the exons are similar to those in human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. The phase and placement of the introns in the PR-3 gene are also similar to those in human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. The 400-base pair (bp) 5'-flanking sequence of the PR-3 gene contains a TATA box at position 379. There is no CAAT box promoter element. The 3'-untranslated region is 200 bp, extending from a TGA stop codon to the site of polyadenylation 10 bp after the canonical AATAAA signal. Amplification of PR-3 from a human/hamster hybrid cell line localizes the gene to human chromosome 19. Evidence from Northern analysis suggests that PR-3 expression is primarily confined to the promyelocytic/myelocytic stage of bone marrow development.
 ...
PMID:Structure, chromosomal assignment, and expression of the gene for proteinase-3. The Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen. 140 Apr 30

Ambroxol theophylline-7-acetate (ACE) is the salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of ambroxol (AMB), a drug showing mucolytic and expectorant properties, and theophylline-7-acetic acid (TAA), a xanthine derivative with specific bronchodilator activity. ACE is used for the treatment of bronchial and pulmonary diseases (bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, chronic obstructive disease). Recrystallization experiments of ACE resulted in the isolation of two polymorphs (monotropically related) and four solvated forms. X-ray diffractometry, DSC, TGA, and HSM techniques were used to investigate the forms that are obtained by thermal desolvation of the solvates. The phase diagram of the TAA-AMB binary system was constructed by performing thermal analyses on mixtures of TAA-AMB and of each component plus the interaction compound (TAA-ACE and ACE-AMB). The Schroeder-Van Laar equation proved to be a very useful tool for checking the consistency between the experimental data and the theoretical model related to the general system, showing complete miscibility in the liquid phase and complete immiscibility in the solid phase.
 ...
PMID:Solid-state chemistry of ambroxol theophylline-7-acetate. 1745 44