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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a patient who developed subcutaneous emphysema with hypercarbia during an endoscopic, totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of an inguinal hernia. The possible mechanisms of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation causing emphysema of the subcutaneous tissues are discussed and ways to prevent it are proposed.
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PMID:Subcutaneous carbon dioxide emphysema following endoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repair: possible mechanisms. 1563 Sep 50

We have performed thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for severe chronic pulmonary emphysema irrespective of the patient's age. Between May 1993 and April 2004, 9 patients older than 75 years underwent LVRS at our hospital. Three of the 9 patients substantially improved lung function and quality of life after LVRS. One patient slightly improved them but went back to the preoperative condition 5 years after LVRS. The other 5 patients showed no clinical improvement after LVRS, 3 of the 5 developed CO2 narcosis and failed weaning from the respirator. Although patient's age older than 75 years is not contra-indication for LVRS, careful selection is needed for LVRS in elderly patients.
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PMID:[Lung volume reduction surgery for chronic pulmonary emphysema in elderly patients]. 1609 23

We describe a technique for endoscopic abdominoplasty in which we used 3 incisions, following the triangulation principles. To maintain the subcutaneous cavity, CO2 was insufflated at 8 mm Hg, and Esmarch bandages were placed at the submammary fold in a circumferential way to prevent subcutaneous emphysema. The aponeurosis plication was done with interrupted "8" figure sutures, with extracorporeal knots tied up in a double fisherman knot. The rest of the technique is similar to those previously described. Seven patients were treated, with an average age of 35.7 years (range, 25-60), and the mean length of surgery was of 197.11 minutes (range, 129-240). After surgery, 2 patients had mild pulmonary hypoventilation treated only with oxygen through a nasal mask for 24 hours. There were other complications such as seromas, inadequate implantation of the navel, and superficial periumbilical necrosis. According to the patients' opinion, the esthetic results have been satisfactory so far.
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PMID:Endoscopic abdominoplasty: an alternative approach. 1706 Jul 27

Hypercapnia during laparoscopy with CO2 is predicted in the following situations: compromised pulmonary function, retroperitoneal insufflation, and subcutaneous emphysema. We present a case of sudden electroencephalogram (EEG) depression in response to severe hypercapnia during laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy in a 77-yr-old patient with chronic pulmonary emphysema. During intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal insufflation, subcutaneous emphysema and difficult ventilation occurred. Severe hypercapnia ensued, with pH = 6.94, and Paco2 = 137 mm Hg. Subsequent EEG activity was markedly depressed with a minimum Bispectral Index of 4, accompanied by an increase in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Termination of the laparoscopic procedure improved ventilation, EEG, and hemodynamics. These EEG changes may result from the narcotic properties of CO2 or hypercapnia-induced neurological abnormalities.
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PMID:Flat electroencephalogram caused by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. 1804 79

Supercritical or near-critical fluid processes for generating microparticles have enjoyed considerable attention in the past decade or so, with good success for substances soluble in supercritical fluids or organic solvents. In this review, we survey their application to the production of protein particles. A recently developed process known as CO2-assisted nebulization with a Bubble Dryer (CAN-BD) has been demonstrated to have broad applicability to small-molecule as well as macromolecule substances (including therapeutic proteins). The principles of CAN-BD are discussed as well as the stabilization, micronization and drying of a wide variety of materials. More detailed case studies are presented for three proteins, two of which are of therapeutic interest: anti-CD4 antibody (rheumatoid arthritis), alpha1-antitrypsin (cystic fibrosis and emphysema), and trypsinogen (a model enzyme). Dry powders were formed in which stability and activity are maintained and which are fine enough to be inhaled and reach the deep lung. Enhancement of apparent activity after CAN-BD processing was also observed in some formulation and processing conditions.
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PMID:Preparation of active proteins, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as fine powders using supercritical or near-critical fluids. 1858 Dec 12

Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery (SEPS) is one of the best procedures and a minimally invasive option for treating chronic venous insufficiency. We explain our experience with SEPS, which has been turned into a subaponeurotic approach without balloon, and assess the possible advantages of this technique. The subaponeurotic space was entered using the Visiport Plus (Autusuture, Tyco Healthcare) video-assisted technique, which shows how the trocar enters through the subcutaneous tissue and superficial aponeurosis of the leg. A blunt retractor was inserted which, together with CO2 insufflation (20 mm Hg), enabled the veins to be dissected. Ligation was performed using tripolar sealing. In no case was a balloon used. There were no incidents such as haemorrhage or subcutaneous emphysema during the procedure. The patients (n = 206) remained in the hospital for less than 24 hours and suffered no post-surgical complications. Active ulcers were cured, with no relapses, in 100% of cases. This is a very effective method for treating advanced chronic insufficiency because it prevents local damage and the rate of post-surgical complications is low. Technically it has more advantages because the fact that it does not use a balloon means that it exerts less pressure on the tissues.
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PMID:Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) modified technique: subaponeurotic approach without balloon. 1868 69

A 38-year-old male healthy donor for renal transplantation was scheduled to undergo laparoscopic nephrectomy of the left kidney. After commencement of the surgery under general anesthesia, his vital signs were stable. When pneumoperitoneum was commenced using CO2, a rapid increase in the airway pressure was observed, and it became difficult to perform mechanical ventilation. After manual ventilation was initiated, the cause of the increased airway pressure was investigated. As a result, a defective pore, 3 cm in diameter, was confirmed in the left diaphragm and it was determined that pneumothorax developed from the pure CO2. A transient decrease in oxygen saturation was easily restored by manual ventilation. The blood pressure was relatively stable, and tension pneumothorax was not observed. For the defective pore in the diaphragm, endoscopic cerclage of the diaphragm was performed after insertion of a thoracostomy tube. Postoperative chest X-ray showed no signs of atelectasis, mediastinal emphysema, or aerodermectasia, suggesting the development of pneumothorax due to pure CO2. In this case, the defective pore in the diaphragm was caused accidentally by pneumoperitoneum, although the subject had had no prior symptoms. Latent diaphragmatic defect may be an important factor in pneumoperitoneum and other surgical procedures.
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PMID:[A case of pneumothorax during laparoscopic surgery due to latent diaphragmatic defect]. 1922 79

During an abdominal surgery, life-threatening events such as severe bradycardia and massive hemorrhage may occur. Reflex bradycardia may arise with surgical manipulation of abdominal contents. Anesthetic agents such as propofol or remifentanil increase the risk of bradycardia. Epidural analgesia using local anesthetics during an abdominal surgery also increases the occurrence of bradycardia and hypotension. Combination of these three factors causes severe bradycardia during the abdominal surgery. Anesthesiologist has to pay close attention to heart rate during the abdominal surgery. The surveillance of Anesthesia-Related Critical Incidents in Japan conducted by Japan Society of Anesthesiologist (JSA) shows that life-threatening events due to hemorrhage during abdominal surgery accounted for 43.9% of all perioperative life-threatening events due to hemorrhage. When we find critical hemorrhage, we have to manage the condition in accordance with "The guideline for critical intraoperative hemorrhage" published by JSA and the Japan Society of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy. The pneumoperitoneum required for laparoscopy induces physiologic changes that complicate anesthetic management and could cause CO2-subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, endobronchial intubation, and gas embolism. During laparoscopy, blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, end-tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry must be continuously monitored.
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PMID:[Crisis management in abdominal surgery]. 1946 94

A 76-year-old woman with right renal pelvic cancer underwent a laparoscopic nephroureterectomy via a retroperitoneal approach. During the 300 minutes of CO2 insufflation, arterial blood pressure, temperature, and oxygen saturation were stable, whereas the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) gradually increased and reached a peak of 55 mmHg. Her arterial blood gas analysis suggested acute respiratory acidosis. She developed hypercapnia in spite of controlled hyperventilation in response to the increasing ETCO2. Skin crepitus was extending into the neck and face from the operative site. A portable chest radiograph taken postoperatively showed pneumomediastinum and extensive subcutaneous emphysema of neck and chest wall. Laryngoscopy revealed grossly emphysematous pharyngeal tissues preventing direct vocal cord visualization. Her airway was appeared to be totally occluded by markedly edematous laryngeal tissues. As a leak sound around the tracheal tube was not heard after deflation of the tube cuff, her pharyngeal swelling was suspected to be severe and tracheal extubation during the operation was postponed. When cervicofacial emphysema occurs intraoperatively, we recommend that laryngoscopy should be performed before tracheal extubation to avoid potential airway obstruction from associated pharyngeal emphysema.
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PMID:[Case of pharyngeal emphysema with airway obstruction during retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy]. 1951 76

In otolaryngology, CO2 laser is the first and most commonly applied device. Such lasers as Ny:YAG generating visible light having wavelength 532 nm referred to as KTP laser due to the Name of the crystal where infrared light is converted to visible light. Such wavelenght, having green colour, due to strong absorption in haemoglobin is applied in treatments on tissues having dense blood vessels. The object of the work is to analyze larynx microsurgery laser treatments performer between 1994-2008 in the Otolaryngology Department of the Military Medical Institute CSK MON in Warsaw. The examination covered 445 patients including 142 women (31.9%) and 303 men (68.1%) aged between 12 and 80 (the average age of 48.2 year olds) who Were qualified in 1994-2003 for endoscopic laser surgery of the larynx. The operations field was watched using OPMI-11 operating microscope (Zeiss, Germany) allowing 4-16 times blow-up. Larynx laser microsurgery was performer using white laser beam: CO2 Illumina 40 (Heraeus LaserSonics, Germany) and green laser beam using KTP AURA XP laser (AMS, USA). The total of 445 larynx laser microsurgeries were performer. In recent years our clinic has seen an increase in the number of operations using this technique. The largest group were patients with recognized precancerous conditions (33.0%) and larynx carcinoma (26.4%). The next group in terms of the number of patients were 114 patients (20.6%) with recognized juvenile papilloma. Complications were observed in 180 patients. Table III show the type of recognized complications. The most commonly observed was swelling of the mucous membrane (48.3%), the rarest type was subcutaneous emphysema (3.3%). It was concluded that larynx laser microsurgery is a safe method and a valuable tool in treatment of larynx diseases, especially precancerous conditions and early forms of larynx carcinoma; that complications following procedure are relatively rare, usually mild, not life-threatening, and most often subsiding after a few days.
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PMID:[Application of lasers in treatment of larynx diseases]. 2056 6


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