Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A peptidyl carbamate, p-nitrophenyl N-(succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-methyl)-N-isopropylcarbamate++ + (PCI) was tested for its ability to inhibit the elastolytic activity of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and to prevent HNE-induced emphysema and secretory cell metaplasia in the hamster. In vitro, 50% of the elastolytic activity of 10 micrograms of HNE was inhibited by 0.9 micrograms of PCI, a molar ratio of PCI to HNE of 4.5. Bronchoalveolar lavage of hamsters receiving PCI intratracheally showed a rapid decrease in HNE inhibitory activity (4 min for 50% decrease), suggesting rapid clearance, binding, or inactivation of the PCI. Instillation of 300 micrograms of HNE combined with 100, 500, or 3,000 micrograms PCI, a 16-, 83-, and 503-fold molar excess of PCI, respectively (molar ratios of 17, 84, and 504), suppressed HNE-induced lung hemorrhage, but it did not moderate HNE-induced emphysema despite the large molar excess of inhibitor. When PCI was covalently bound to a linear hydrophilic polymer of alpha,beta-poly[N(2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide], producing a polymer-bound carbamate inhibitor (PPCI) of HNE, the time for a 50% decrease of PPCI functional activity from the hamster lung lavage was 421 min. Instillation of 100 micrograms of PPCI 1 h before instillation of 300 micrograms HNE resulted in significant amelioration of emphysema; 900 micrograms of PPCI was required to obtain amelioration of bronchial secretory cell metaplasia. The larger dose of PPCI also provided significant amelioration of emphysema when the interval between PPCI and HNE administration was 8 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Covalently linking a peptidyl carbamate elastase inhibitor to a hydrophilic polymer increases its effectiveness in preventing emphysema and secretory cell metaplasia in the hamster. 148 40

To test the hypothesis that perfluorochemical (PFC) instillation may reduce the pulmonary trauma commonly associated with conventional gas ventilation, we studied 12 lambs with normal lungs and 10 with pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We used mechanical ventilation for up to 3.5 h, with and without tracheal instillation of LiquiVent PFC liquid. At the end of experimentation lungs were fixed for morphometrical analysis of their components and pulmonary trauma was evaluated by measurement of the perivascular compression index (PCI = % perivascular emphysema/% vessels). In normal lungs good gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were obtained with all modes of ventilation, with no statistical difference in the index of pulmonary trauma with or without instillation of LiquiVent (P >0.05). In the hypoplastic lungs, tracheal instillation of PFC liquid after 30 min of conventional gas ventilation significantly improved PaCO2 (from 107+/-8 to 55+/-6 mmHg, P <0.05), pH (from 7.00+/-0.03 to 7.29+/-0.04, P <0.05), compliance (from 0.08+/-0.01 to 0.25+/-0.03 ml/cmH2O . kg, P <0.05), and ventilatory index (from 1,445+/-148 to 794+/-139, P <0.05). Survival was 6/6 animals with PFC ventilation compared to 1/4 with conventional gas ventilation with no more pulmonary trauma (mean PCI 12.6+/-1.8 vs. 11.4+/-4.0%, P >0.05) for a longer mean ventilatory period in the PFC group. We conclude that the PFC liquid technique of ventilation can improve respiratory physiology when conventional gas ventilation alone is proving inefficient. There was no significant difference in pulmonary trauma at morphometrics between gas and partial liquid ventilation.
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PMID:Morphometrics of normal and hypoplastic lungs in preterm lambs with gas and partial liquid ventilation 906 11

To test the hypothesis that perfluorochemical (PFC) instillation may reduce the pulmonary trauma commonly associated with conventional gas ventilation, we studied 12 lambs with normal lungs and 10 with pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We used mechanical ventilation for up to 3.5 h, with and without tracheal instillation of LiquiVent PFC liquid. At the end of experimentation lungs were fixed for morphometrical analysis of their components and pulmonary trauma was evaluated by measurement of the perivascular compression index (PCI = % perivascular emphysema/% vessels). In normal lungs good gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were obtained with all modes of ventilation, with no statistical difference in the index of pulmonary trauma with or without instillation of LiquiVent (P >0.05). In the hypoplastic lungs, tracheal instillation of PFC liquid after 30 min of conventional gas ventilation significantly improved PaCO2 (from 107+/-8 to 55+/-6 mmHg, P <0.05), pH (from 7.00+/-0.03 to 7.29+/-0. 04, P <0.05), compliance (from 0.08+/-0.01 to 0.25+/-0.03 ml/cmH2O . kg, P <0.05), and ventilatory index (from 1,445+/-148 to 794+/-139, P <0.05). Survival was 6/6 animals with PFC ventilation compared to 1/4 with conventional gas ventilation with no more pulmonary trauma (mean PCI 12.6+/-1.8 vs. 11.4+/-4.0%, P >0.05) for a longer mean ventilatory period in the PFC group. We conclude that the PFC liquid technique of ventilation can improve respiratory physiology when conventional gas ventilation alone is proving inefficient. There was no significant difference in pulmonary trauma at morphometrics between gas and partial liquid ventilation.
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PMID:Morphometrics of normal and hypoplastic lungs in preterm lambs with gas and partial liquid ventilation. 915 36