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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial alveolography using a contrast medium for indirect lymphography was developed at our department. With this technique radiograms comparable to so-called barium-imbibed preparations of resected lung are possible. Furthermore, the procedure has the advantage of demonstrating serial radiographic changes as well as the local contrast medium wash-out or clearance, a local functional aspect of the lung, successively in a very short time. It is practical to accomplish simultaneous examinations in both morphological and functional (most probably concerned with the local pulmonary lymph) aspects with the new procedure. Significant differences in radiographic features have been demonstrated between the normal lung and chronic pulmonary emphysema or fibrotic pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:Serial alveolography-preliminary report. 60 72

The author examined 124 dead persons with clinicaly and anatomicaly diagnosed emphysema in order to prove and demonstrate the possibilities of the the existing methods for macroscopic diagnosis of the lung emphysema. The method of Gough and Wentworth, barium-sulfate method of Heard and simple original method for examination of the changes by a naked eye or with only a magnifying glass in fixed total lung sections were used and the results described. He constructed a special table and knife to cut the lung at equal sections. An inference was made that the method of Gough and Wentworth, although more complicated, revealed the best advantages. Both the impregnation method of Heard and the newly proposed method were very suitable for an examination of a very large number of lungs, since they assure enough information for the diagnosis, distribution and degree ofthe pathological process and allow current morfological classification of the disease.
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PMID:[Methods for the macroscopic diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema]. 77 Jan 41

An atypical finding on barium swallow in a child with an anomalous left pulmonary artery causing obstructive emphysema in the right lung is described. The value of bronchography and need for early surgical intervention is stressed.
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PMID:Anomalous left pulmonary artery with an unusual barium swallow. 96 86

Eight cases of Boerhaave's syndrome detected in our hospital between 1980-1989, are reported. The clinical presentation, with chest pain, subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema and hydropneumothorax should suggest oesophageal perforation. Contrast swallow examination with barium was diagnostic. Prognosis depends essentially of an early diagnosis and a rapid therapeutic decision.
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PMID:[Boerhaave's syndrome. Apropos of 8 cases]. 154 14

Retropharyngeal emphysema is a radiological finding with a cause for concern. When associated with oesophageal perforation due to an impacted foreign body or recent oesophageal instrumentation, it heralds potentially fatal complications such as mediastinitis. Early diagnosis leading to prompt surgical intervention is essential. Spontaneous retropharyngeal emphysema is an uncommon disease entity. Its clinical course is relatively benign and recovery usually uneventful. Two cases are presented. The anatomy etiology and pathophysiology of the disease are reviewed. Barium swallow studies are recommended for all cases of retropharyngeal emphysema to exclude oesophageal perforation due to foreign body impaction and Boerhaave's syndrome.
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PMID:Spontaneous retropharyngeal emphysema--case report. 178 60

It has been suggested that the lung has only a narrow range of structural responses to injury. For example, long-term injury results in emphysema, fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Clinical and experimental models of chronic pulmonary hypertension suggest that this disease can be triggered by a number of interventions and that the structural changes in the pulmonary arterial circulation may vary depending on the stimulus. This report briefly reviews the structural changes that accompany the development of pulmonary hypertension in hypoxia- and Crotalaria-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat and in repeated endotoxemia and continuous air embolization in the sheep. The studies indicate that of the structural changes considered characteristic of chronic pulmonary hypertension, the reduction in peripheral arterial volume as reflected by a loss in number of barium-filled arteries, extension of muscle into smaller intra-acinar arteries than normal, and reduction in external diameter of intra-acinar arteries are the changes that contribute to the sustained rise in pulmonary artery pressure. Increased medial and adventitial thickness of the normally muscular arteries seem to be secondary changes to this disease. Because the severity and range of structural changes differ between the experimental models of pulmonary hypertension, the data suggest that the lung, particularly the pulmonary arterial circulation, may have a more complex response to injury than originally suspected.
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PMID:The sequence of cellular and hemodynamic changes of chronic pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia and other stimuli. 268 10

Thirteen newborns with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and six with congenital lobar emphysema were operated on between 1970 en 1988. Eighteen children had more or less severe dyspnoea and (or) tachypnoea, one child presented with respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis could be made on the chest X-ray in most instances. However, diagnostic problems arose in the differentiation between congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Four times a laparotomy was done for presumed diaphragmatic hernia followed by thoracic surgery in the same session. In two children barium contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract were done to exclude diaphragmatic hernia. Treatment consisted of lobectomy in 15 cases and segmental resection in four. Histological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis in all instances. The results of the operations were excellent in all patients. No short- or long-term complications occurred.
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PMID:[Lung operations in dyspneic newborn infants]. 281 85

Elastase release from cultured, activated and nonactivated rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) was investigated after stimulation by different environmentally related mineral dusts (50-1000 micrograms/10(6) cells). Eight different dusts were analyzed for element contents and grain size: one rural and three urban airborne dusts, a coarse and a fine fraction of a sieved waste incinerator fly ash, a sonicated coarse fly ash fraction, and the standard quartz dust DQ 12. The fine fly ash fraction, the sonicated coarse fly ash fraction, and the quartz dust DQ 12 enhanced elastase release by activated AM. Only one of the tested airborne dusts effected a comparable elastase release. The untreated coarse fraction of the fly ash did not cause a significant increase of extracellular elastase activities. Elastase release was dependent on particle numbers and chemical composition and correlated best with barium and tin contents. Nonactivated AM released higher elastase activities than activated AM at low-dose levels. The possible role of dust-induced elastase secretion in the pathogenesis of emphysema is discussed.
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PMID:Effects of quartz, airborne particulates and fly ash fractions from a waste incinerator on elastase release by activated and nonactivated rabbit alveolar macrophages. 283 83

An 80-year-old man was treated, non-operatively, for a distal esophageal perforation, diagnosed nine days after blunt thoracic trauma. Emergency department diagnosis was impeded by absence of mediastinal air; right chest-wall emphysema was thought to result from associated rib fractures. Conservative therapy consisting of nasogastric suction, intravenous antibiotics, right-chest tube drainage of a large communicating empyema cavity, temporary nasotracheal intubation with ventilatory support, total parenteral nutrition, and, finally, nasoduodenal intubation for elemental feeding were employed. This mode of therapy may be best in comparable elderly patients with esophageal perforation that is overlooked during the initial 24 hours after injury. Possibly, routine barium swallow in all patients with chest-wall emphysema and rib fractures would circumvent missed esophageal rupture after blunt trauma.
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PMID:Conservative therapy for missed esophageal perforation after blunt trauma. 309 46

Perforation above the peritoneal reflection is a rare complication of a barium enema. We describe a case in which perforation in the transverse colon during a double contrast study resulted in intramural extravasation of barium, pneumoperitoneum and omental emphysema.
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PMID:Pneumoperitoneum, omental emphysema and intramural barium perforation following double contrast barium enema. 358 76


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