Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to estimate the preoperative evaluation of the respiratory risk, a well adapted clinical examination associated with a routine pulmonary function test (VC, FEV1) can be sufficient. Although some patients with cardiopulmonary disorders or candidates to lung resection need more complex assessments: the flow-volume loop to detect small airways obstruction (MEF 50%, MEF 25%), measure of bronchial hyperreactivity to predict bronchospasm during anaesthesia, residual volume for the diagnosis of emphysema, diffusing capacity (DCO) to discover lung fibrosis: these parameters disruption always make the pronostic worse. It is also useful to couple together preoperative function test and pulmonary scintigraphy to predict post-operative values after lung resection. But, these criteria for operability are not always a good indicator of post-operative complications. So it is possible to use in addition the results of exercise testing to determine cardio-respiratory performances and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MAX) which seem better correlated with mortality and post-operative lung surgical complications. Preliminary results of our study concerning thirty patients hospitalized in Besancon-St-Jacques Hospital, agree with the hypothesis that exercise testing is an important criterion in the pre-operative evaluation and to predict post-operative mortality and morbidity of patients candidates to thoracic surgery.
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PMID:[Value of sophisticated explorative techniques of the pulmonary function in the preoperative evaluation of respiratory risk]. 130 36

Respiration was tested in 66 patients with middle (15) and lower (51) esophageal cancer. In 32 patients damages in respiration biomechanics before surgery have been observed. In 26 patients respiratory failure was associated with concomitant diseases (pneumosclerosis, lung emphysema, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). 28 patients developed postoperative complications, in 22 of them lungs were affected (pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, pleuritis, pleural emphysema). Those complications were more frequently encountered in patients with signs of respiratory failure before surgery (72.7% of cases). It has been shown that with PEF less than 65%, FVC less than 85%, MEF 75% less than 65%, MEF50% less than 70%, MMF less than 70% and MVV less than 65% of due values, the likelihood of pulmonary complications in the postoperative period is enhanced.
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PMID:[The function of the external respiration in patients with cancer of the esophagus before and after surgery]. 152 48

"Sensitive" and "conventional" lung function tests were compared in a group of 114 males, aged 35-55 years, including healthy non-smokers, asymptomatic smokers with normal spirometry, and smokers with chronic bronchitis with or without mild airflow limitation. In non-smokers, with the exception of a MEF vs. FEV1 correlation, "sensitive" and "conventional" tests were independent of each other. In asymptomatic smokers the phase III slope and the closing volume were significantly related to FEV1, RV/TLC and CO transfer factor. In smokers with chronic bronchitis all the "sensitive" tests were related to the "conventional" tests (with the exception of the total lung capacity). Hyperinflation and CO transfer impairment suggest that early emphysema may accompany mucus hypersecretion in smokers.
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PMID:Tests of small airway dysfunction: their correlation with the "conventional" lung function tests. 378 Aug 98

The diagnostic value of different respiratory function tests in the respiratory distress syndrome was compared in 5 groups of subjects: healthy non-smokers, asymptomatic smokers, patients with bronchitis affecting the large bronchi, asthmatic patients between attacks, and patients with emphysema. Indices measured were the forced expiratory volume per second (FEV1), mean expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (MEF 25-75%), maximum instantaneous flow at 25-50-75% of vital capacity, and peak flow (Vmax 25-50-75%, PF), residual volume, expiratory resistance volume, and the curve of the alveolar plateau of expired nitrogen. The Vmax 50% and the MEF 25-75% appear to be sufficiently sensitive indices of bronchial obstruction in current practice, the MEF 25-75% being simple to measure, and presenting the advantage of not requiring complicated equipment. The Vmax 25% and the respiratory resistance volume present wide inter-individual variations, and this, together with their lack of reproducibility, limit their value in exploratory tests in isolated cases.
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PMID:[Comparative value of different respiratory function tests for the early diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)]. 708 68

Fourteen subjects showing an increase of residual volume (RV) without any clinical or functional signs of bronchial obstruction were studied. Maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves were obtained with a pressure-corrected volume plethysmograph. Static pressure-volume curves were obtained by stepwise interruption of a slow expiration from total lung capacity (TLC) to RV. Static compliance was measured by the slope of pressure-volume curve between functional residual capacity (FRC) and FRC+20% of TLC. Maximum flow static recoil (MFSR) curves were constructed by plotting MEF obtained from MEFV curves against elastic pressure (Pst) obtained from pressure-volume curves at the same lung volumes. Most patients demonstrated a decrease of MEF 50% and 25% of VC. From the MFSR curves it was clear that this reduction was not the result of increased airways resistance, but rather of loss of elastic recoil. Most patients showed a significant decrease of Pst at different volumes and changes seem likely to be evidence of emphysema.
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PMID:Lung mechanics in subjects showing increased residual volume without bronchial obstruction. 743 3