Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to aerosols of nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) 6 hr/day for 12 days not including weekends. Actual exposure concentrations were within 3% of target (target = 10.0, 5.0, 2.5, 1.2, 0.6, and 0.0 mg Ni3S2/m3). Nickel lung burdens of exposed rats and mice increased linearly with exposure concentration. Two male rats and all mice exposed to 10.0 mg Ni3S2/m3 died before the end of the exposures. Exposure to Ni3S2 had no effect on the natural killer cell activity of mouse spleen cells. Lesions in rats and mice related to inhalation of Ni3S2 were found in the nasal epithelium, lung, and bronchial lymph nodes. The most extensive lesions were found in the lung and included necrotizing pneumonia. Emphysema developed in rats exposed to 5.0 or 10.0 mg Ni3S2/m3, while fibrosis developed in mice exposed to 5.0 mg Ni3S2/m3. Degeneration of the respiratory epithelium and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium of the nose occurred in rats exposed to as low as 0.6 mg Ni3S2/m3 and mice exposed to 1.2 mg/m3. Results indicate that inhalation exposure of rats and mice to Ni3S2 aerosol concentrations near the current threshold limit value (TLV) for nickel compounds (1 mg/m3 for Ni metal and roasting fume and dust and 0.1 mg/m3 as Ni for soluble compounds) can produce lesions in the respiratory tract. Atrophy of lymphoid tissues (spleen, thymus, and bronchial lymph nodes) was found in animals of the highest exposure concentration. Degeneration of the testicular germinal epithelium was also observed in mice and rats that survived 5.0 or 10.0 mg/m3 exposure concentrations.
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PMID:Comparative inhalation toxicity of nickel subsulfide to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed for 12 days. 365 67

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a monomer, commonly used in neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, and in dental clinics. The adverse effects of this monomer are well described in the literature. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of MMA on nasal cavity, lung, and antioxidant status. For this purpose, two experimental groups of rats were exposed to MMA (at 1,000 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks) by inhalation under poor (group A, n = 12) and normal ventilation (group B, n = 11) conditions. A control group (group C, n = 10) received normal air. Degeneration of olfactory epithelium, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, hemorrhage, atelectasis, edema, emphysema, and bronchial epithelial hyperplasia were observed in groups A and B. Emphysema was the most common lesion. Bronchopneumonia with abscesses was only observed in group A. Glutathione levels were significantly decreased and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in group A. No significant difference was observed in superoxide dismutase levels between the groups. The data presented indicate that before using MMA, adequate protection systems should be in place to prevent occupationally related MMA respiratory-tract injuries.
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PMID:The effects of methyl methacrylate on nasal cavity, lung, and antioxidant system (an experimental inhalation study). 1205 52

Olfactory ensheathing cells are thought to support regeneration and remyelination of damaged axons when transplanted into spinal cord injuries. Following transplantation, improved locomotion has been detected in many laboratory models and in dogs with naturally-occurring spinal cord injury; safety trials in humans have also been completed. For widespread clinical implementation, it will be necessary to derive large numbers of these cells from an accessible and, preferably, autologous, source making olfactory mucosa a good candidate. Here, we compared the yield of olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory mucosa using 3 different techniques: rhinotomy, frontal sinus keyhole approach and rhinoscopy. From canine clinical cases with spinal cord injury, 27 biopsies were obtained by rhinotomy, 7 by a keyhole approach and 1 with rhinoscopy. Biopsy via rhinoscopy was also tested in 13 cadavers and 7 living normal dogs. After 21 days of cell culture, the proportions and populations of p75-positive (presumed to be olfactory ensheathing) cells obtained by the keyhole approach and rhinoscopy were similar (~4.5 x 106 p75-positive cells; ~70% of the total cell population), but fewer were obtained by frontal sinus rhinotomy. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was observed in one dog and emphysema in 3 dogs following rhinotomy. Blepharitis occurred in one dog after the keyhole approach. All three biopsy methods appear to be safe for harvesting a suitable number of olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory mucosa for transplantation within the spinal cord but each technique has specific advantages and drawbacks.
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PMID:Methods of olfactory ensheathing cell harvesting from the olfactory mucosa in dogs. 3084 Jun 87