Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty six children with a birth weight of less than 1500 g and gestational age less than 34 weeks were studied at a mean age of 7.7 years. All had required mechanical ventilation, 36 suffered from hyaline membrane disease, 17 from atelectasis and three from pneumonia. Of these patients 37 developed broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The study included skin prick test, measurement of ciliary beat frequency, chest X-ray, whole-body plethysmography and histamine challenge. Eight patients suffered from recurrent pulmonary infections up to the age of 4 years. Eleven children had a positive skin prick test. Three suffered from allergic asthma and six from hay-fever. The family history of atopy in these premature infants was no different from that of the general population. Ciliary beat frequency was normal in all cases (frequency: 11.8 +/- 1.8 Hz). In 34 patients X-rays showed minimal changes (peribronchial thickening n = 6, mild emphysema n = 28). Pulmonary function was normal except for an increase of thoracic gas volume which was correlated to grade of BPD according to Northway. There was a significant correlation between oxygen-score and radiological stage of BPD (r = 0.7). Histamine challenge showed hyperresponsiveness in 53% of the children. Eight patients showed a threshold similar of mild asthma (less than 1000 micrograms histamine per ml). The degree of airway hyperreactivity was correlated to the grade of BPD (r = 0.7; p less than 0.01) and the oxygen-score (r = -0.63; p less than 0.05). The oxygen-score may be considered a predictor of hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary outcome in later childhood.
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PMID:[Pulmonary sequelae of long-term ventilation of very low birth weight premature infants. Results of a follow-up study of 6-to-9-year-old children]. 194 44

1. Histamine in small doses caused systemic depressor responses in horses, whereas greater doses caused biphasic effects. All doses of 5-hydroxytrypt-amine (5-HT) were pressor and all doses of bradykinin depressor. All three active substances raised pulmonary artery pressure and lowered central venous pressure. 5-HT reduced ventilation volume. Histamine caused brief apnoea followed by hyperpnoea only.2. Acute anaphylaxis in the horse was accompanied by a severe systemic arterial depressor response, a pressor response in the pulmonary artery and vena cava, and alternating phases of apnoea and dyspnoea.3. During anaphylaxis, profound haemoconcentration, leucopoenia, thrombocytopoenia and hyperkalaemia were in evidence. Early during anaphylactic shock (2 to 4 min) there were profound increases in plasma histamine (five to six-fold) and plasma kinin activity (four to five-fold). Plasma 5-HT concentrations were reduced initially but recovered. Later in anaphylaxis (10 to 20 min) whole blood histamine concentration fell significantly. This coincided with the most profound period of leucopoenia.4. No significant differences were observed in histamine concentration in any of five tissues between six ponies subjected to anaphylaxis and six controls. Mast cell numbers were not reduced but mast cells were more metachromatic (pink) and there was spilling of mast cell granules.5. Gross pathological changes were noted mainly in the lungs which were extensively oedematous and congested. Inflamed, congested and oedematous areas in the large colon and caecum were seen, and the kidneys, spleen and liver were engorged. Alveolar emphysema, peribroncheolar oedema (containing mononuclear cells and neutrophils) were recorded. Alveoli contained erythrocytes.
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PMID:Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the horse. 476 91

Ambroxol theophylline-7-acetate (ACE) is the salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of ambroxol (AMB), a drug showing mucolytic and expectorant properties, and theophylline-7-acetic acid (TAA), a xanthine derivative with specific bronchodilator activity. ACE is used for the treatment of bronchial and pulmonary diseases (bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, chronic obstructive disease). Recrystallization experiments of ACE resulted in the isolation of two polymorphs (monotropically related) and four solvated forms. X-ray diffractometry, DSC, TGA, and HSM techniques were used to investigate the forms that are obtained by thermal desolvation of the solvates. The phase diagram of the TAA-AMB binary system was constructed by performing thermal analyses on mixtures of TAA-AMB and of each component plus the interaction compound (TAA-ACE and ACE-AMB). The Schroeder-Van Laar equation proved to be a very useful tool for checking the consistency between the experimental data and the theoretical model related to the general system, showing complete miscibility in the liquid phase and complete immiscibility in the solid phase.
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PMID:Solid-state chemistry of ambroxol theophylline-7-acetate. 1745 44