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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

45 patients exhibiting a diffuse emphysema associated with voluminous emphysematous bullae underwent surgical resection of the bullae. They were then regularly followed-up. Pulmonary function investigations were performed preoperatively in 38 patients at 6 months, 1 year and 3-7 years after resection. Postoperative subjective improvement was experienced by all patients, but diminished progressively with years. An associated chronic bronchitis was a predictor of bad prognosis. Vital capacity increased whereas plethysmographic residual volume and TLC decreased post-operatively, due to the recovery of available pulmonary parenchyma. The improvement of bronchial obstruction was probably related to the increased elastic recoil pressure. Hypoxemia also improved in most cases. In patients having undergone a second resection (controlateral lung), functional improvement progressively disappeared as the emphysematous disease progressed.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1980
PMID:[Clinical and physiological post-operative course of 45 bullous emphysema (author's transl)]. 746 79

The authors recommend the use of two functional tests to evaluate the aeration and ventilation modalities of large emphysematous bullae: diffusing capacity by apnea method and ventilation scintigraphs using Xenon 133. In 56 bullous emphysema cases studied, a favorable correlation was observed between the results provided by the two techniques.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1980
PMID:[Tests concerning aeration or ventilation modalities of voluminous emphysematous bullae (author's transl)]. 746 81

The authors present short and medium-term results of bullae surgery in patients with severe panacinar emphysema. There were no deaths. Almost always (8/9) dramatic subjective and significant objective functional results are encouraging.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1980
PMID:[Surgical treatment of bullae in diffuse emphysema (author's transl)]. 746 85

Complementary pleurectomy following emphysematous bullae resection is justified only if it improves long-term results in comparison with surgical symphysis obtained by pleural irritation. This cannot be proved at this time. On the other hand, in spite of their limitations, experiments in man suggest that this pleurectomy does not cause any particular complications. In the animal, this parietal pleural resection causes cortical fibrous alveolitis which is not present after other symphysis processes. The authors suggest therefore the use of pleurectomy as a complement of bullae resections in acute and diffuse emphysema.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1980
PMID:[Interest of pleurectomy as a complement of emphysematous bullae resections (author's transl)]. 746 86

The authors describe a case of congenital lobar emphysema of the upper right pulmonary lobe discovered at birth with an opaque hemithorax and a shift of mediastinum. The diagnosis was confirmed by a CT-scan. A lobectomy was performed at 6 weeks of age. The different diagnosis and physiopathological mechanisms are discussed.
Rev Mal Respir 1994
PMID:[Giant lobar emphysema. The cause of a compressive hemithoracic opacity in a newborn infant]. 812 96

Pulmonary emphysema can be defined in precise anatomical terms. Only histological examination of an entire lung will enable the extension and the severity of the emphysema to be fully assessed. The authors propose a visual score, using computed tomography to quantify emphysema in 61 subjects. 51 had chronic airflow obstruction (BPCO) and were divided into 31 chronic bronchitics (BC) and 20 emphysematous subjects (EP). 10 volunteers who were free of any respiratory pathology were chosen as controls. A visual score for the computed tomography was established for the subjects as a whole. Double reading of the data enabled the reproducibility of the method to be checked in 10 subjects (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). No emphysema was found in the 10 controls, the computed tomography score was appreciably more elevated in the EP subjects than in the BC group at 1.3 and 0.44 respectively (p < 0.001). In the BC, the computed tomographic score was not correlated with the PaO2 (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) and the FEV1 (VEMS) (r = < 0.44, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in the PE group, the score was correlated with the FEV1 (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) and the residual volume (r = 0.06, p < 0.05) and the total lung capacity (r = 0.63, p < 0.05) and the TLCO (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and the TLCO/VA (r = 0.59, p < 0.05). The adoption of a visual computed tomographic score enabled the authors to find the correlations between pulmonary emphysema and the most specific tests of respiratory function.
Rev Mal Respir 1993
PMID:[Pulmonary emphysema: quantification using computed tomography and correlations with respiratory function tests]. 823 21

We report two cases of mediastinal emphysema occurring without etiologic factor. Chest pain and subcutaneous emphysema are the most prevalent symptoms. In the absence of oesophagus related symptoms, a single chest radiograph is usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. In this paper, we recall the main radiographic signs, physio-pathological mechanisms, and differential diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
Rev Mal Respir 1995
PMID:[Idiopathic spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a not to be mistaken diagnosis in chest pain]. 856 82

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (alpha 1 AT) is an autosomal recessive disease due to mutations in the gene coding for alpha 1 antitrypsin and characterised by very reduced serum levels of the anti-protease. Alpha 1 antitrypsin is primarily produced in the liver by hepatocytes and then passes into the general circulation to diffuse into the pulmonary tissue. Its function is to inhibit the elastase secreted by the polymorpho-nuclear neutrophils. When the quantity of alpha 1 antitrypsin secreted into the circulation is insufficient to inhibit the elastase, the pulmonary tissue is progressively destroyed, leading to the appearance of emphysema around 30 to 40 years of age. Gene therapy in alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency rests on the transfer and the expression of a copy of the normal human alpha 1 antitrypsin gene by the cells of an organism of a subject suffering from the disease. The aim is to restore a sufficient level of alpha 1 antitrypsin to inactivate the elastase in the pulmonary tissue and thus prevent the appearance of emphysema. Numerous experimental protocols have been developed in vivo in animals since 1987. They identify the two principal current difficulties for the development of clinical trials: the brevity of the duration of expression of the transferred gene which does not last more than a few months, and insufficient levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin which are obtained, usually less than the therapeutic level required.
Rev Mal Respir 1996
PMID:[Gene therapy for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Hopes, realities and perspectives]. 865 Apr 21

Mechanical ventilation may have adverse effects on the lung. The appearance of extra-alveolar air, either as a pneumothorax or as subcutaneous emphysema along with other manifestations, is a complication of barotrauma which has been known for a long time. Recent experimental studies have clearly shown that mechanical ventilation can also lead to alterations in the blood gas barrier. Mechanical ventilation with high inflation pressure and elevated tidal volumes induces pulmonary oedema; the genesis of which results principally from anomalies of alveolar capillary permeability. These anomalies are made as a result of pulmonary distension and not as a result of elevated pressures in the airways, thus justifying the term "volume traumatism". The existence of previous acute pulmonary injury considerably worsens the deleterious pulmonary effect of mechanical ventilation. Although the direct clinical implications of these experimental studies are difficult to confirm, these latter have nevertheless lead to profound changes in ventilatory strategy during the course of acute pulmonary disease such as the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Rev Mal Respir 1995
PMID:[Deleterious effects of mechanical ventilation on the lower lung]. 867 49

We report two cases of inhalation of seeds in infants aged 11 months and two years. In the first the syndrome of inhalation had not been apreciated. The seed blocked the left bronchus, provoking an obstructive emphysema with superinfection. The outcome was statisfactory after removal by bronchoscopy. In the second case although the aspiration of the particle was appreciated the endoscopy was performed too late to prevent the migration of the seed. After having produced a pneumonia it crossed the pleura and gave a subcutaneous swelling. This migration could in part be followed by ultrasound which enabled the appropriate moment for surgical exploration to be defined. These two cases show the two possible evolutions when the inhalation of a seed occurs and the contribution that can be made by ultrasound.
Rev Mal Respir 1996
PMID:[Intrabronchial inhaled seed migration. Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pleural-cutaneous fistula]. 892 96


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