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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (
emphysema
)
11,506
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully understood. This analysis assessed the prevalence of COPD and its risk factors among Canadian men and women. The analysis was based on the data from 7210 subjects aged 35 to 64 years who participated in the first cycle of National Population Health Survey in 1994-1995. COPD was considered present if an affirmative response was given to the question: "Do you have chronic bronchitis or
emphysema
diagnosed by a health professional?" In order to take the complex survey design into account, analytic weights incorporating a design effect were used in all statistical analyses. The prevalence of COPD was 2.1% in nonsmokers, 2.7% in ex-smokers, and 8.2% in smokers in women. In men, the corresponding prevalence was 0.8%, 2.9%, and 3.5%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for current smoking men and women who started smoking before age of 18 years was 3.0 and 5.9 compared with their nonsmoking counterparts.
Overweight
women demonstrated a 2.4-fold increase in the prevalence of COPD compared with women with normal weight. Men from low-income families had an odds ratio of 3.7 compared with those from high-income families. A history of allergy was significantly related to COPD in both men and women. COPD was common among Canadian women. Early initiation of smoking and being
overweight
had stronger relationships to the prevalence of COPD in women than in men. On the contrary, household income was more strongly related to COPD for men than for women.
...
PMID:Occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex-related risk factors. 1094 54
Serious complications during high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) are rare and have been documented in animals and in case reports or short series of patients with a difficult airway. We report complications of transtracheal HFFJV in a prospective multicentre study of 643 patients having laryngoscopy or laryngeal laser surgery. A transtracheal catheter could not be inserted in two patients (0.3%). Subcutaneous
emphysema
(8.4%) was more frequent after multiple tracheal punctures. There were seven pneumothoraces (1%), two after laser damage to the injector, one after difficult laryngoscopy, four with no clear cause. Arterial desaturation of oxygen was more frequent during laser surgery and in
overweight
patients. Transtracheal ventilation from a ventilator with an automatic cut-off device is a reliable method for experienced users. Control of airway pressure does not prevent a low frequency of pneumothorax.
...
PMID:Transtracheal high frequency jet ventilation for endoscopic airway surgery: a multicentre study. 1217 31
The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is bone mineral density (BMD) measurements as assessed by dual energy absorptiometry (DXA) scanning as well as vertebral fractures as assessed by instant vertebral assessment (IVA). The aim of this study was to compare COPD GOLD II patients (that is, patients with moderate COPD, stage II, according to the GOLD classification) with osteoporosis (cases) to COPD GOLD II patients without osteoporosis (controls) to identify risk factors for osteoporosis. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on BMD and vertebral fractures. Cases (n=49) were matched for gender, age and forced expiratory volume in the first second to controls (n=49). We assessed pulmonary function, body composition, vitamin D,
emphysema
score (by high-resolution computer tomography), medical history and medication use in all patients. Variables that were significantly different between the cases and controls were included in a logistic regression analysis. COPD patients with osteoporosis had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and higher residual volume as the percentage of total lung capacity (RV%TLC) compared to COPD patients without osteoporosis. Decreasing BMI and increasing RV%TLC increased the odds ratio for osteoporosis.
Overweight
and obese BMI values were protective for osteoporosis. Screening for osteoporosis should be performed even in moderate COPD patients, especially in those with a low BMI and/or a high RV%TLC.
...
PMID:Risk factors for osteoporosis in Caucasian patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study. 2297 11
Objective
: Cigarette smoking is the most preventable cause of disease and death in the US. We examined the prevalence of smoking and the association between smoking status and health characteristics in persons with serious mental illness.
Methods
: A total of 291
overweight
or obese adults with serious mental illness were enrolled in a behavioral weight loss trial. Cigarette smoking, co-occurring medical diagnoses, dietary intake, blood pressure, cardiovascular fitness, body mass index, quality of life, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed at baseline in 2008-2011. Fasting glucose and lipid markers were measured from blood samples. Cardiovascular risk profile was calculated based on the global Framingham Health Study Risk Equation.
Results
: A total of 128 (44%) of participants were current smokers or had smoked in the previous one year. The smokers had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure and blood triglyceride levels, and lower HDL cholesterol than the nonsmokers, adjusted for age, sex, education, and diagnosis. They were more likely to have a history of
emphysema
, and had a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk of 13.2%, significantly higher than the 7.4% in the nonsmokers. The smokers also had elevated ratings of psychopathology on the BASIS-24 scale. Smokers did not differ from nonsmokers in cardiovascular fitness, body mass index, depression, quality of life, or other comorbid medical diagnoses. There was no characteristic in which smokers appeared healthier than nonsmokers.
Conclusions
: The prevalence of smoking in this contemporary cohort of individuals with serious mental illness who were motivated to lose weight was more than twice that in the overall population. Smokers had more indicators of cardiovascular disease and poorer mental health than did nonsmokers. The high burden of comorbidity in smokers with serious mental illness indicates a need for broad health interventions.
...
PMID:Cigarette Smoking and Health Characteristics in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness Enrolled in a Behavioral Weight Loss Trial. 2407 87
The positive association between
overweight
, obesity, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality is well established, even though this relation is typically U shaped with an increased risk also in low-weight subjects. However, being
overweight
or obese has been associated with a better prognosis in subjects suffering from chronic diseases, id est the "obesity paradox". In both community-dwelling and hospitalized patients with COPD, several studies have reported a significant protective effect of obesity on all-cause mortality, indicating that also in obstructive pulmonary diseases, an obesity paradox may be present. Interestingly, the "paradox" is more evident for subjects with severe bronchial obstruction (i.e., a lower FEV1), while in mild-moderate conditions, the weight-related mortality shows a behavior similar to that observed in the general population. Several factors may confound the relation between COPD, obesity and mortality. The lower FEV1 found in obese people may be linked to a restrictive defect rather than to an obstructive one. Due to the modified chest wall mechanical properties-related to increased fat mass-obese COPD patients may present, respect to their lean counterpart, a lower lung hyperinflation which is associated with higher mortality. The traditional classification of COPD attributes to obese "blue bloaters" a low-grade
emphysema
in opposition to lean "pink puffers"; the fact that
emphysema
extent is related to mortality may bias the relationship between weight and survival. It is also to underline that the majority of the studies, consider BMI rather than body composition (a better predictor of mortality) when studying the intriguing relation between weight, COPD, and mortality. Reverse bias has also to be taken into account, hypothesizing that an unintentional weight loss may be the deleterious factor related to mortality, rather than considering obesity a protective one. Further prospective studies are needed to shed light on the complexity of this emerging issue.
...
PMID:Body weight and mortality in COPD: focus on the obesity paradox. 2911 Feb 80
Objective
To investigate the clinical values of nutritional status and chest CT phenotypes in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).
Methods
A total of 256 patients with stable COPD were enrolled from Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Civil Aviation General Hospital from June 2017 to June 2018.Demographic data,height,weight,smoking history,and number of exacerbations were collected.Pulmonary function tests and COPD assessment test(CAT)questionnaire-based survey were performed.The correlations of Goddard score with pulmonary function,CAT score,and number of exacerbations were analyzed.The clinical features of COPD patients with different body mass index(BMI)grades and CT phenotype were analyzed.
Results
The forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted value(FEV
1
%pred)was significantly higher in normal body mass group(
t
=-2.701,
P
=0.0080),
overweight
group(
t
=-3.506,
P
=0.001),and obese group(
t
=-4.323,
P
=0.000)than in low body mass group and was significantly higher in obese group than in normal body mass group(
t
=-3.096,
P
=0.002).The forced vital capacity as percentage of predicted value(FVC%pred)of normal body mass group(
t
=-3.081,
P
=0.002)and
overweight
group(
t
=-2.766,
P
=0.006)were significantly higher than that of low body mass group.The forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV
1
)/forced vital capacity(FVC)was significantly higher in
overweight
group than in normal body mass group(
t
=-3.702,
P
=0.001)and significantly higher in obese group than in low body mass group(
t
=-4.742,
P
=0.000),normal body mass group(
t
=-5.785,
P
=0.000),and
overweight
group(
t
=-2.984,
P
=0.003).In addition,the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity as percentage of predicted value(DLco%pred)was significantly higher in
overweight
group than in underweight(
t
=-3.042,
P
=0.003)and normal body mass groups(
t
=-3.128,
P
=0.002)and significantly higher in obese group than in underweight group(
t
=-4.742,
P
=0.000)and normal body mass group(
t
=-5.785,
P
=0.000).The Goddard scores of
overweight
(
Z
=4.535,
P
=0.000)and obese groups(
Z
=5.422,
P
=0.000)were significantly lower than that of normal body mass group.Partial correlation analysis showed that Goddard score was negatively correlated with FEV
1
/FVC(
r
=-0.230,
P
= 0.022)and DLco%pred(
r
=-0.531,
P
= 0.000)and positively correlated with CAT score(
r
= 0.244,
P
= 0.021).BMI of phenotype E(
t
=3.467,
P
=0.001)and M(
t
=3.031,
P
=0.003),FEV
1
/FVC of phenotype E(
t
=2.484,
P
=0.015)and M(
t
=2.969,
P
=0.004)as well as DLco%pred of phenotype E(
t
=4.928,
P
=0.000)and M(
t
=2.489,
P
=0.0163)were significantly lower than those of phenotype A.Patients with phenotype M had worse FEV
1
%pred,FVC%pred,residual volume/total lung capacity and number of acute exacerbations than patients with phenotypes A and E,but the differences were not statistically significant(all
P
>0.05).
Conclusions
The nutritional status is closely related to lung function,severity of
emphysema
,and number of exacerbations in COPD patients.Chest CT phenotype is clinically valuable in the assessment of COPD.
...
PMID:[Values of Body Mass Index and Chest CT Features in the Assessment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]. 3213 40
