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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Localisation in one lung only or in one lobe only of lesions of interstitial emphysema is surprising in a diffuse disease such as hyaline membrane disease in premature infants. In the four patients in which this unusual course was seen, cure was obtained in different ways: spontaneously in one case, by excision of a diseased lobe in two cases and by selective temporary intubation of the contralateral main bronchus in the final case. Current methods of treatment of neonatal respiratory distress favour this type of course, without any precise cause being evident. Excision surgery is often avoidable by transient ventilation of the contralateral lung only by selective intubation of the main bronchus.
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PMID:[Systematised interstitial emphysema in neonatal respiratory distress. Four cases (author's transl)]. 54 18

Ten premature infants with respiratory distress developed a type of pulmonary lobar emphysema that is clinically and histologically distinct from interstitial or congenital lobar emphysema. In eight patients emphysema was noted in the right lower lobe, while in two the left upper lobe was affected. Five infants exhibited nonresolution of the emphysema and an inability to be weaned from ventilator support. Lung scans in these five infants showed absent or markedly decreased perfusion of the involved lobe. Lobectomy was necessary. Postoperatively, their respiratory status improved and they were successfully weaned from the ventilator. Five premature infants with identical radiographic emphysematous changes had normal lung scans. These infants did not require lobectomy and were also successfully weaned from the ventilator. Radiographic changes of lobar emphysema in these five infants completely resolved. Pathologic changes in the excised lobes were characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and obstructive intraalveolar emphysema. The long-term effects of positive pressure ventilation, oxygen, and suctioning techniques directed toward the right lower lobe may play an important role in the etiology of "acquired" lobar emphysema.
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PMID:"Acquired" lobar emphysema: a complication of respiratory distress in premature infants. 59 69

Congenital lobar emphysema is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. The clinical picture and radiologic findings are diagnostic. Lobectomy in the distressed neonate is curative. In infants with onset of symptoms between one and four months of age surgery may not be necessary. Etiology and pathology of congenital lobar emphysema are not clear at present and require further elucidation.
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PMID:Congenital lobar emphysema. 65

The most common causes of respiratory distress in the newborn and the frequently rapidly changing pulmonary pattern in the follow up studies are presented. Various degrees of the hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are demonstrated as well as the different changes of the pulmonary pattern in controlled and assisted ventilation, recurrent atelectasis, dystelectasis, emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Chest film follow up series are demonstrated. The differential diagnosis includes pulmonary aspiration syndrome, the neonatal pneumonia and emergency cases in pediatric surgery (here an example of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia).
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PMID:[Alterations of pulmonary patterns in roentgenographic follow up studies in respiratory distress of newborns and prematures (author's transl)]. 70 33

Bronchial atresia, a congenital lesion that develops after the 16th wk of fetal life, may be more common than previously believed, and this probably explains some cases of so-called congenital lobar emphysema. It may produce symptoms of pulmonary infection, wheezing, and respiratory distress severe enough to justify elective resection of that part of the lung distal to the atresia. The roentgenographic features that make this a recognizable entity are the following: (1) There is localized hyperinflation of lung in a segmental or lobar distribution, with a circular or oval parahilar radiodensity. Bronchography will demonstrate that there is no filling of the bronchus supplying this part of the lung. (2) The occasional neonate with this condition may present with an intrathoracic mass suggesting retained fetal lung fluid in lobar distribution. Bronchography will demonstrate that there is no filling of the bronchus to that part of the lung. (3) A plug of desquamated tissue and mucus in the cyst-like bronchus just distal to the point of atresia appears to be an unvarying component of the syndrome. It most commonly presents as a round or oval density, but in some cases it may be shaped like a rod or tree and rarely contains an air-fluid level.
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PMID:Bronchial atresia: a recognizable entity in the pediatric age group. 73 69

Four prematurely born neonates who where mechanically ventilated with CPAP for respiratory distress have developed severe unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Some particular circumstances can be pointed out in these cases. Spontaneous worsening is usual. Selective bronchial intubation protects the overinflated lung. It allowed total improvement of the lung function for the 3 cases who underwent this treatment. Although no major complications have been noticed, it is mandatory to suck out regularly bronchial secretions accumulated in the excluded lung.
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PMID:[Unilateral interstitial emphysema in the newborn (apropos of 4 case reports)]. 73 27

The present report is based on three infants with respiratory distress syndrome due to congenital lobar emphysema in two and cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung in the third. The serious worsening of the respiratory distress in two children prompted a partial pulmonary resection within the first 24 hours of life. A brief description of the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of this anomalies is included. Our three patients remain asymptomatic showing a normal development, after a follow-up period of five months in one child and just over two years for the other two. Any neonate showing progressive respiratory distress should have a chest X-ray taken to rule out a lobar emphysema or a severe malformation of the lung leading to abnormal ventilation. The management in this cases should be the immediate resection of the affected pulmonary lobes.
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PMID:[Respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary congenital malformations (author's transl)]. 74 72

Radiologically characteristic extra-alveolar air collections in one or both inferior pulmonary ligaments developed in 14 neonates with respiratory distress on assisted ventilation. Eleven infants had radiographically visible pulmonary interstitial emphysema prior to or concurrent with the air collections. All infants subsequently exhibited pneumothorax. This variant of extra-alveolar air must be recognized because it has essentially the same pathogenesis and significance as the more commonly seen anterior pneumomediastinum.
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PMID:Radiologic features of inferior pulmonary ligament air collections in neonates with respiratory distress. 76 Jan 50

Persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema (PIPE) was observed in 22 infants during the neonatal period. All of the infants experienced respiratory distress during the first few days of life, and 21 of them were treated for the respiratory distress syndrome with artificial ventilation or oxygen or both. Ten infants developed a localized form of PIPE, with air-filled interstitial cysts measuring up to 3.0 cm in diameter confined to one or more lobes of lung. The involved segment of lung was resected in seven of these infants, all of whom survived. The remaining three died and autopsies were performed. A diffuse form of PIPE was observed in the other 12 infants. Numerous cysts that were predominantly small (less than 0.3 cm) were seen in all lobes of both lungs. These infants received high concentrations of oxygen for prolonged periods, resulting in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 11 of the infants. All 12 infants died. PIPE is characterized histologically by air-filled interstitial cysts partially lined by multi-nucleated giant cells.
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PMID:Persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema: another complication of the respiratory distress syndrome. 86 37

Ruminal administration of 3-methylindole in goats severe pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. Electron microscopic studies of lungs reveal extensive degeneration and necrosis of alveolar membranous pneumocytes and bronchiolar epithelium. The necrosis of the pneumocytes is followed by proliferation of granular pneumocytes, which repopulate the alveolar basal lamina scaffold. 3-Methylindole may also induce proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the remaining membranous pneumocytes and nonciliated columnar cells, indicating that these two cell types are involved in the xenobiotic function of the lung. The results suggest that 3-methylindole in cigarette smoke may play an important role in the pathogenesis of small airway disease and emphysema, and that patients with severe liver diseases or portocaval shunt may be predisposed to diffuse alveolar damage by 3-methylindole produced in the intestinal tract.
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PMID:3-methylindole-induced pulmonary injury in goats. 86 17


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