Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four families with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency have been identified. Of 7 homozygous subjects 5 smoked and had chest disease while the 2 non-smokers were unaffected. Productive cough was a feature in 4 of the 5 affected homozygotes and symptoms commenced earlier than is usual with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Of 11 heterozygous subjects only 5 who smoked had symptomatic or laboratory evidence of obstructive airways disease, in each case less marked than that of their homozygous smoking relatives. Severely affected subjects were underweight, the degree of weight loss being related to the measured severity of airways disease. A survey of emphsematous patients screened for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is described. The natural course and significance of this enzyme deficiency are examined with reference to previous literature.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and chest disease a clinical and physiological study. 31 Jan 61

A prevalence survey on the island of Karkar had previously shown that chronic lung disease was common in both sexes after the age of 35 years and that, in part, this was related to the smoking of home-grown air-cured tobacco. To investigate the nature of this chronic lung disease, 37 nontuberculous subjects with reduced ventilatory capacity (forced expiratory volume in one second less than 75% predicted) underwent clinical and lung function investigations. Ninety-two per cent had adventitiae, 62% had chronic productive cough and 54% had dyspnoea on exertion. Lung function tests showed an irreversible obstructive defect with a variable, but on average, only moderately reduced transfer factor. The chest radiography showed evidence of hyperinflation in 38% of cases but non had narrowing or loss of pulmonary vessels suggestive of emphysema. "Inflammatory changes" occurred in 35% and were associated with a mild but significant element of restriction. The results suggest that chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchiolitis were the main underlying abnormalities and that emphysema was comparatively unimportant. Asthma appeared to be relatively uncommon, especially in children. The clinical and lung function findings in 16 asthmatics were essentially similar to those observed in asthmatics elsewhere and the atopic status of asthmatics and controls was similar to that observed in developed societies. In common with Highland asthmatics however, the age at onset was in early adult life rather than in childhood.
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PMID:A clinical and lung function study of chronic lung disease and asthma in coastal Papua New Guinea. 105 71

An 18-year-old man was admitted to Hamamatsu University Hospital on February 15, 1985, with high fever, vesicular and papular rash involving the skin and mouth, conjunctivitis, productive cough and dyspnea. A diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome was made by skin biopsy, and chest X-ray showed an infiltrate in the right lower lung filed. Despite treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics, the mucocutaneous lesions did not heal, and the pneumonia progressed to both lung fields. Because the patient had developed dyspnea, a tracheotomy was performed, mechanical ventilatory support was instituted, and high-dose corticosteroid therapy was started. However, jaundice due to intrahepatic cholestasis, hematuria, hematochezia, sepsis, and subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema ensued, and the patient died of respiratory failure on March 1. Postmortem examination of the lung demonstrated diffuse alveolar damage. The complement-fixation titer for Mycoplasma was 1:64, compared with a level of less than 1:4 on admission. This case was though to be one of fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, respiratory failure and other extra-pulmonary complications.
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PMID:[Fulminant mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting with Stevens-Johnson syndrome & respiratory failure]. 175 8

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of productive cough, dyspnea and stridor. Chest X-ray disclosed overinflation with micronodular infiltrates. Blood examination showed mild eosinophilia and IgE elevation. Pulmonary function test disclosed severe airway obstruction and diffusion capacity impairment. Although clinical improvement was achieved after bronchodilator therapy, laboratory abnormalities continued. Open lung biopsy demonstrated mononuclear cellular and eosinophilic infiltration at alveolar lumen and vessel walls without prominent fibrosis, which was compatible for prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia. From above findings, this case was thought as a prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia combined with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma.
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PMID:[A case of prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma diagnosed by open lung biopsy]. 175 22

A 76-year-old man was referred to our hospital with complaints of productive cough, dyspnea and peripheral cyanosis. The chest X-ray film indicated the pulmonary emphysema and acute bronchitis, but no abnormal intracardiac calcification. The electrocardiogram revealed a peaked P-wave, complete left bundle branch block, and ventricular premature contraction. Chest tomography demonstrated abnormal intracardiac calcium deposition in the right heart region. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed the tricuspid annular calcification in the postero-lateral portion, showing a synchronous movement with tricuspid annular motion throughout the cardiac cycle. The size of calcification was 10 x 14 mm. The tricuspid valve showed no significant regurgitation. Left ventricular dilatation, associated with mild mitral regurgitation and impairment of systolic function (EF = 49%) was revealed by echocardiography. Serum examination revealed positive in Wassermann reaction. This case of tricuspid annular calcification might be caused by atherosclerotic degenerative change related to the aging process, or by an unknown mechanism related to pulmonary emphysema.
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PMID:[A case of tricuspid annular calcification]. 179 47

Important divergences in the definition of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema have persisted until the middle 1950's. Definitions were first standardized in 1958 by a group of British experts (CIBA symposium) and made clearer by the WHO Experts Group on Cor Pulmonale in 1961 and by the American Thoracic Society in 1962. The standardized questionnaire proposed by the British Medical Research Council has been widely adopted. For pulmonary emphysema, a precise definition based on anatomical data (dilatation of terminal air spaces with destruction of their walls) has been accepted. Chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms (almost daily productive cough 3 months each year, at least on 2 consecutive years; the terms "chronic cough" and "recurrent bronchitis" are still controversial. The greatest difficulties have been encountered in the definition of bronchial asthma; despite a second CIBA symposium (1971) devoted to this problem, it has not been possible to improve on the fairly wide physiological definition put forward in 1958 (bronchial obstruction that varies either spontaneously or under the influence of treatment). For about 15 years peripheral airways obstruction (PAO), sometimes called "small airways disease" has been recognized as a special anatomical and functional syndrome.
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PMID:[Clear definitions of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. Imperative for pneumological practice, teaching and research]. 188 Jul 82

Important divergences in the definition of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema have persisted until the middle 1950's. Definitions were first standardized in 1958 by a group of British specialists (CIBA symposium) and made more accurate by the WHO Experts Group on Cor Pulmonale in 1961 and by the American Thoracic Society in 1962. The standardized questionnaire proposed by the British Medical Research Council has been widely adopted. As regards pulmonary emphysema, a precise definition based on anatomical data (dilatation of terminal air spaces with destruction of their walls) has been accepted. For lack of a better basis, chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms (almost daily productive cough 3 months each year, at least on 2 consecutive years); the terms "chronic cough" and "recurrent bronchitis" are still controverted. The greatest difficulties have been encountered in the definition of bronchial asthma; despite a second CIBA symposium (1971) devoted to this problem, it has not been possible to improve on the fairly wide physiological definition put forward in 1958 (bronchial obstruction that varies either spontaneously or under the influence of treatment). For about 15 years peripheral airways obstruction (PAO), sometimes called "small airways disease" has been recognized as a special anatomical and functional syndrome.
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PMID:[Clear definitions of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases: a necessity for practice, teaching and research in pneumology]. 207 62

While bronchial asthma is defined on the basis of pulmonary function, emphysema has a patho-anatomic substrate. Chronic bronchitis on the other hand is defined clinically: productive cough of three months duration per year occurring in two successive years. Complete abstinence of smoking is a prerequisite for a meaningful anti-obstructive therapy. Beta-2-adrenergic stimulation and corticosteroids represent the treatment of choice. Beta-2-agonists are effectively complemented by anticholinergic drugs. Oral or parenteral corticosteroids should be used liberally for exacerbations. For prolonged treatment topical steroids are prescribed exclusively in order to prevent systemic side effects. The type of inhalation therapy (electric nebulizer, aerosol spray, insufflator) has to be adapted to the individual patient. Correct application of inhalation-technique is important. Topical steroids should be administered by means of a spacer chamber. Physical therapy is the most important adjuvant treatment. Selective respiration-training, a correction of breath-technique and autogenic bronchial drainage manoeuvres have to be learned in the setting of a rehabilitation program and are controlled frequently by the treating physician. The integration of all these measures into a treatment and rehabilitation plan is facilitated in a specialized clinic.
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PMID:[Pillars of therapy of chronic obstructive bronchitis]. 256 92

The term chronic bronchitis has been criticised because it is associated with hypersecretion of mucus rather than bronchial inflammation. This study was designed to establish the presence or absence of clinical chronic bronchitis and measure pulmonary function in 45 patients about to undergo resection of the lung. The condition in the cartilaginous and small airways and the severity of the emphysema were then measured in the resected specimen. The results from 20 patients who had clinical chronic bronchitis were compared with those in 25 patients who did not. The data show that patients with chronic bronchitis had greater inflammation (a) on mucosal surfaces (p less than 0.05) of all bronchi larger than 2 mm luminal diameter and (b) around glands (p less than 0.005) and gland ducts (p less than 0.05) in bronchi larger than 4 mm diameter. A variable degree of inflammation was present in the submucosa of smaller bronchi. The groups had equivalent proportions of mucous glands and Reid's indices in central airways, and no differences were noted in measurements of pulmonary function, condition of small airways, or emphysema. These data show that the term chronic bronchitis is justified by inflammation of cartilaginous airways and suggest that this abnormality may be the cause of the chronic productive cough.
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PMID:Reassessment of inflammation of airways in chronic bronchitis. 393 14

A 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of severe coughing and right-sided chest pain. She had worked on a farm for 13 years. For the preceding 2 years, she noticed a productive cough, a mild fever, and dyspnea after working in a barn for longer than 6 hours. Chest radiological examinations revealed low lung volumes, especially in the right upper lobe, and diffuse small granular shadows in both lung fields. Pathological examinations of lung specimens, which were obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy, showed alveolitis and granulomas in the interstitium. Micropolyspora faeni organisms were detected in hay from the barn. A M. faeni serum precipitation test revealed that her serum had antibodies against that organism. From these findings, we gave her a diagnosis of chronic farmer's lung. Prednisolone was given because her dyspnea and hypoxemia had increased. During the steroid treatment, bilateral pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema developed. Bullae were removed surgically because she did not respond well to medical treatment. Although steroid administration may have caused these complications, bilateral pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema are rare in patients with chronic farmer's lung.
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PMID:[Farmer's lung complicated by bilateral pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema]. 929 99


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