Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) is a syndrome that is produced by a variety of lesions which may occur in bronchi (large airways), bronchioles (small airways), and lung parenchyma (gas exchanging lung). These lesions frequently occur together in various combinations because of a common etiologic agent, tobacco smoke. Occasionally, one lesion or another may play a dominant role. The major disease of the large airways is chronic bronchitis, or chronic sputum production, and it is defined clinically. Its morphologic counterpart is mucous gland enlargement. Mucous gland enlargement is poorly related to CAO. Other lesions of the large airways--inflammation, smooth muscle hyperplasia, cartilage atrophy, and bronchial wall thickening--have also been described, but their functional consequences are uncertain. Bronchiolar lesions are well recognized in CAO, but their relative importance may differ in patients with mild CAO, compared to patients with severe CAO. In mild CAO, inflammation is a very important lesion, and its probable consequences--narrowing, fibrosis, and goblet cell metaplasia--have all been found to be important. In severe CAO, inflammation and fibrosis do not appear to be important, but goblet cell metaplasia, bronchiolar tortuosity, and narrowing do. Emphysema is a subset of airspace enlargement. Emphysema is defined anatomically and is the most important component of severe CAO. Several forms of emphysema can be recognized morphologically and may have specific clinical associations. However, in the usual patient with severe CAO, it is the severity, rather than the type, of emphysema, that is most significant. The diagnosis of emphysema depends on a combined approach. Significant factors include the clinical history (age, sex, smoking, chronic bronchitis, dyspnea), radiologic evidence of overinflation, and diminished diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 220 38

Xifukang is a compound preparation of Chinese herbs consisting of Hanbane grugs mainly. Since 1987, the significant efficiency have been obtained in treatment of 53 patients suffering from silicosis by self-control study. The results indicated that the clinical manifestations including dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest pain, weakness, etc. were markedly improved (P less than 0.01) and measurements of pulmonary function (FVC, FEV and MVV) significant enhanced (P less than 0.01). After treatment 20 cases roentgenogram exam showed that the lung's clarity and the limited emphysema were improved, the silicolic nodule and mass-mergence opacity of 3 cases lessened in some degree. By discussing the effect of Xifukang which might lower the collagen protein content of experimental silicosis of Wistar rats and improve pathomorphous. The authors concluded that the therapeutic mechanism of Xifukang could be the actions of this remedy on promoting blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis dredging microcirculation, increasing ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q), protecting dust-cells, resisting fibrosis, regulating immune function, enhancing lung clearance, postponing and preventing development of silicosis.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical therapeutic effect of xifukang in 53 patients with silicosis]. 220 23

A path analysis model examined interrelationships among variables significantly associated with chronic dyspnea in chronic bronchitis and emphysema (CBE) and the relative influence of these variables on each other and on functional status and quality of life. Results from the 45 adults (mean age, 61) with moderate CBE disease severity showed that dyspnea severity has a sizable effect on functional status and quality of life. Disease severity was more strongly related to functional status than to quality of life. Depression and mastery had the strongest total effects on quality of life. Dyspnea severity had strong but separate effects on functional status and quality of life. From these preliminary results, it is suggested that a direct focus on psychologic interventions to ameliorate depression and improve mastery is likely to improve quality of life with some resultant positive effect on functional status.
 ...
PMID:Disease and symptom severity, functional status, and quality of life in chronic bronchitis and emphysema (CBE). 221 71

A case of a 16-year-old female with bronchial asthma complicated with mediastinal, subcutaneous, peritoneal and epidural emphysema was reported. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. Chest and abdominal X-ray films revealed mediastinal emphysema with peribronchial air sheath, subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and chest, and peritoneal emphysema. CT-scan revealed severe mediastinal, subcutaneous and epidural emphysema. These findings disappeared about 10 days after recovery from the attack. Diagnostic methods and the pathogenesis of air leak were also discussed.
 ...
PMID:[A case of bronchial asthma complicated with mediastinal, subcutaneous, peritoneal and epidural emphysema]. 221 32

Tracheobronchial disruption is one of the less common injuries associated with blunt thoracic trauma. This injury can be life threatening, however, and failure to diagnose it early can lead to disastrous acute or delayed complications. Nine cases of tracheobronchial disruption in the setting of nonpenetrating thoracic trauma were seen at four Los Angeles trauma centers between 1980 and 1987. Mechanism of injury, presentation, diagnosis, and management of these patients were reviewed. Disruptions involved the trachea in 3 patients, the right bronchus in 5 patients, and the left bronchus in 2 patients. Tracheobronchial disruptions occurred in settings of high-energy impact-type injuries and were more likely to have associated injuries than they were to occur alone. Common presenting signs included subcutaneous emphysema, dyspnea, sternal tenderness, and hemoptysis. Radiographic findings were most commonly pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and clavicle or rib fractures. Rigid bronchoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy were both highly accurate methods for diagnosis but only in the hands of trained cardiothoracic surgeons. Delay in diagnosis increased the likelihood of postoperative complications.
 ...
PMID:Tracheal and main bronchial disruptions after blunt chest trauma: presentation and management. 222 36

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an uncommon disease affecting women of reproductive capacity. It is characterized by non-neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle in the lungs and, occasionally, in lymph nodes and in the thoracic duct. The patients present with dyspnea, chylous pleural effusion, pnx, and hemoptysis. The authors evaluated 4 patients with biopsy-proven LAM, by means of CT. In all cases, CT revealed small well-defined cystic air spaces with smooth and thin walls, scattered in the lungs. CT was very useful because it was more sensitive and specific than conventional radiography. The CT appearance of LAM distinctly differed from that of other diseases than can produce cystic air spaces in the lungs, such as UIP, eosinophilic granuloma, centri-acinar emphysema, and bronchiectasis. Our experience confirms the clinical usefulness of CT in diagnosing LAM.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Radiologic aspects and the diagnostic role of computed tomography]. 223 87

Two young adults with marfanoid features who had pulmonary bullous disease are presented. One a young soldier, presented with increasing dyspnoea and an enlarging large pulmonary bulla on the right side. The bulla was under tension and was operated on. The other case was a young housewife who also presented with dyspnoea, and was found to have a cardiac murmur and multiple ectopic beats on initial examination. X-Ray chest revealed bilateral pulmonary bullous emphysema. Both the subjects had many features which are accepted as forme fruste of the Marfan syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary bullous disease in Marfan syndrome. 224 5

Simple tests of lung function may be misleading in the assessment of patients with interstitial lung disease. Eight patients are described with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (histologically proven in four) with severe breathlessness and low gas transfer (median DLCO 32.4%, range 9.2 to 35.3%, % predicted) in whom lung volumes were preserved [median VC 98.7, range 67.5-131.1%; median TLC 92.5, range 88.1 to 121.2, (% predicted)], and in whom there was no evidence of airflow obstruction [median FEV1/FVC 84.6, range 68-116 (% predicted)]. All were current or ex-heavy smokers. Thoracic high resolution computed tomography revealed upper zone emphysema, the extent of which was not appreciated using conventional chest radiography. The atypical physiological and radiological features can be explained by coincidental cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema and high resolution computed tomography was valuable in the assessment of these patients.
 ...
PMID:Combined cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema: the value of high resolution computed tomography in assessment. 224 66

Eight Nubian goats were given Abrus precatorius seed at 2, 1 and 0.5 g/kg/day by stomach tube. Six goats receiving the plant seed at 2 and 1 g/kg died between days 2 and 5. One goat receiving Abrus seed at 0.5 g/kg/day died on day 32 and the other animal in the group was killed on day 33. The main signs of Abrus poisoning were inappetence, bloody diarrhea, dyspnea, dehydration, loss of condition and recumbency. The lesions were fatty change and necrosis of hepatocytes and renal convoluted tubules, pulmonary hemorrhage, edema and emphysema, and erosions of the abomasal and intestinal epithelium. These changes were accompanied by increases in GOT and gamma GT activities and urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium and by decreases in total protein and albumin in the serum of Abrus-poisoned goats. The blood cell changes indicated hemoconcentration.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity of Abrus precatorius in Nubian goats. 226 60

Pneumomediastinum cases admitted to our Respiratory Intensive Care Unit during the past 15 years are reviewed. After excluding secondary and iatrogenic pneumomediastinum, spontaneous pneumomediastinum was diagnosed in seven patients being all of them males. The causative conditions were status asthmaticus in four patients, intense cough in two and Valsalva manoeuver in one patient. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain and odynophagia. Subcutaneous emphysema appeared in six patients and there was associated pneumothorax in two cases. ECG was normal in six patients. All cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum had a satisfactory evolution with conservative treatment resolving in four to eight days.
 ...
PMID:[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adults]. 227 Mar 26


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>