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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-resolution CT (HRCT) scans were performed on 156 patients, using a bone-reconstruction algorithm, 1.5 collimation at 4 cm intervals from apex to base of the lungs and a 512 x 512 matrix. The patients appeared to have a pathologic condition on chest film, or else they presented positive clinical symptoms--i.e., cough, dyspnea, fever--and questionable/negative chest films. Since HRCT is capable of showing the secondary lobule, we employed it to study both its anatomy and the alterations that can modify its normal morphology--i.e., thickening of interlobular septa, reticular pattern, nodular pattern, high-density areas, sub-pleural lines, honeycomb pattern. HRCT findings in secondary lobules, airways, and pleura were examined. They were: lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, interstitial edema, phlogosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and bullae. Even though some limitations still exist due to the aspecificity of HRCT findings, the latter is the best method currently available to recognize and locate interstitial conditions and, sometimes, to make a diagnosis--e.g., of lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, interstitial edema, fibrosis, emphysema, bronchiectasis. Moreover, HRCT can accurately locate pathologic areas for lung biopsy and can be used instead of chest radiographs in the follow-up.
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PMID:[High-definition computed tomography in the study of the pulmonary parenchyma. The author's own experience]. 155 47

Lobar emphysema is a rare disease and one of the causes of respiratory disturbance in the newborn and infancy. A case report is presented and compared with related data in the literature in Japan. Maternal echographic findings indicated the cystic lung disease of the fetus. The cystic space was punctured and aspirated three times. The baby was delivered by caesarean section after having taken sufficient precaution to prevent respiratory failure. Since the baby developed dyspnea gradually, at five hours following the delivery, right upper lobectomy was performed and the major symptoms were eliminated. The pathological diagnosis was congenital lobar emphysema and the etiology was concluded to be bronchiectasis.
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PMID:[Congenital lobar emphysema successfully treated by right upper lobectomy at five hours after delivery: a case report]. 161 18

An 18-year-old man was admitted to Hamamatsu University Hospital on February 15, 1985, with high fever, vesicular and papular rash involving the skin and mouth, conjunctivitis, productive cough and dyspnea. A diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome was made by skin biopsy, and chest X-ray showed an infiltrate in the right lower lung filed. Despite treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics, the mucocutaneous lesions did not heal, and the pneumonia progressed to both lung fields. Because the patient had developed dyspnea, a tracheotomy was performed, mechanical ventilatory support was instituted, and high-dose corticosteroid therapy was started. However, jaundice due to intrahepatic cholestasis, hematuria, hematochezia, sepsis, and subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema ensued, and the patient died of respiratory failure on March 1. Postmortem examination of the lung demonstrated diffuse alveolar damage. The complement-fixation titer for Mycoplasma was 1:64, compared with a level of less than 1:4 on admission. This case was though to be one of fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, respiratory failure and other extra-pulmonary complications.
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PMID:[Fulminant mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting with Stevens-Johnson syndrome & respiratory failure]. 175 8

A 76-year-old man, whose carotid bodies had been resected for treatment of bronchial asthma 40 years previously was admitted for evaluation of abnormal arterial blood gases and exertional dyspnea. The case was diagnosed clinically as chronic pulmonary emphysema. His peripheral chemoreceptor function, estimated by hypoxic ventilatory and P0.1 response tests and withdrawal test was non-functioning. His PaCO2 value tended to rise over 50 Torr either after light exercise or during airway infection, though it was normal at rest. In addition his dyspnea had continued for 40 years in spite of carotid body resection. It was concluded that the effect of carotid body resection lasts more than 40 years and it does not have a good effect on COPD.
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PMID:[A case of chronic pulmonary emphysema with a past history of bilateral carotid body resection]. 175 14

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of productive cough, dyspnea and stridor. Chest X-ray disclosed overinflation with micronodular infiltrates. Blood examination showed mild eosinophilia and IgE elevation. Pulmonary function test disclosed severe airway obstruction and diffusion capacity impairment. Although clinical improvement was achieved after bronchodilator therapy, laboratory abnormalities continued. Open lung biopsy demonstrated mononuclear cellular and eosinophilic infiltration at alveolar lumen and vessel walls without prominent fibrosis, which was compatible for prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia. From above findings, this case was thought as a prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia combined with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma.
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PMID:[A case of prolonged eosinophilic pneumonia with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma diagnosed by open lung biopsy]. 175 22

The clinical hallmarks of asthma are wheezing and reversibility. Any disease that impairs air flow through obstructed airways may cause wheezing. Patients with true asthma may give a history of allergy and past attacks of dyspnea and wheezing occurring when exposed to allergens, inhaled irritants, upper respiratory infection, cold and humid air, exercise, and emotional stress. When encountering a wheezing dyspneic patient who does not report such a history, it behooves the physician to entertain the possibility that the patient may have a disease other than asthma. Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cardiogenic pulmonary edema pulmonary emboli, aspiration of gastric contents, and upper airway obstruction are the common causes of nonasthmatic wheezing. In almost every instance a wide spectrum of easily obtainable data, particularly historical, are available to alert the physician that the patient's dyspnea and wheezing are not due to asthma. Laboratory data are also readily available to buttress the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of asthma. 176 18

A 76-year-old man was referred to our hospital with complaints of productive cough, dyspnea and peripheral cyanosis. The chest X-ray film indicated the pulmonary emphysema and acute bronchitis, but no abnormal intracardiac calcification. The electrocardiogram revealed a peaked P-wave, complete left bundle branch block, and ventricular premature contraction. Chest tomography demonstrated abnormal intracardiac calcium deposition in the right heart region. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed the tricuspid annular calcification in the postero-lateral portion, showing a synchronous movement with tricuspid annular motion throughout the cardiac cycle. The size of calcification was 10 x 14 mm. The tricuspid valve showed no significant regurgitation. Left ventricular dilatation, associated with mild mitral regurgitation and impairment of systolic function (EF = 49%) was revealed by echocardiography. Serum examination revealed positive in Wassermann reaction. This case of tricuspid annular calcification might be caused by atherosclerotic degenerative change related to the aging process, or by an unknown mechanism related to pulmonary emphysema.
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PMID:[A case of tricuspid annular calcification]. 179 47

The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in 6,610 adults (3,372 men and 3,238 women); 35-36, 50-51 and 65-66 yrs of age, living in selected areas of Norrbotten, northern Sweden, were assessed in a postal survey. Response rates were identical in men and women, and at least one respiratory symptom was reported by 41% of each sex. Twenty two percent reported sputum production, and 14% reported wheezing. Despite differences in smoking habits and in the different age groups, the prevalence of symptoms did not differ between the sexes, or between urban and rural areas. Symptoms were as common in people living in the rural interior as in the industrialized coastal area. Present or past history of asthma was reported by 323 (5.9%) subjects, whilst 234 (4.1%) subjects stated that they had chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Less than half of the subjects who reported attacks of breathlessness together with wheezing stated that they had at any time had asthma. Whilst the exact prevalence of had asthma. Whilst the exact prevalence of at any time had asthma and chronic bronchitis cannot be assessed from this postal survey, its results indicate that the prevalence of asthma may be higher in northern Sweden than has been reported from the south of Sweden.
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PMID:Obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden: respiratory symptoms assessed in a postal survey. 186 40

Cases of chronic pulmonary emphysema accompanied with paroxysmal dyspnea attacks are often misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma. These patients repeatedly fall into a state of life-threatening respiratory failure. We must make an accurate diagnosis of emphysema to provide care of them. To clarify the possibility of doing this, we investigated the clinical and physiological features (primarily respiratory function) of emphysema. We observed twenty-five patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema and with chronic bronchial asthma, previously confirmed by selective alveolo-bronchogram (SAB); this technique reliably diagnoses emphysema, but often induces dyspnea attacks due to the stimulation resulting from intratracheal and intrabronchial procedures. In eight patients, chronic pulmonary emphysema was accompanied by an attack of paroxysmal wheezing and dyspnea; chronic pulmonary emphysema with wheezing (WPE). In eight other patients, chronic pulmonary emphysema was present without such attacks; usual pulmonary emphysema (UPE). In the final nine patients, chronic bronchial asthma (CBA) was present, while emphysema was ruled out by means of SAB. In all patients, we measured respiratory function before and after the combination therapy of intravenous aminophylline and subcutaneous epinephrine, which followed daily oral administration of prednisolone (PAE-treatment). In the WPE group, significant increases in measurement of various respiratory functions, including VC, RV, RV/TLC%, FVC, FEV1.0, PFR and V75 (p less than .05 excluded in FEV1.0 and PFR were p less than .01), were found after the PAE-treatment, compared with the values revealed before the treatment. In the UPE group, there were few changes PAE-treatment, compared with the values revealed before the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and physiological features of chronic pulmonary emphysema with paroxysmal dyspnea attacks masquerading as bronchial asthma--improvement of respiratory function after combination therapy of intravenous aminophylline and subcutaneous epinephrine following daily oral administration of prednisolone]. 186 98

This report concerns 47 ruptures of the tracheo-bronchial tree from the tracheal origin to the division of the lobar bronchi (trachea in 30 patients, main bronchus in 11, intermediate or lobar bronchus in 6). The disruption was circumferential in 24 cases and non-circumferential in 23. Injuries resulted from crush or blunt trauma in 35 cases, from seat belt or rope strangulation in 8 cases and in 4 cases, lesions were discovered following the tracheal intubation. The main symptoms were cervico-mediastinal emphysema (39), pneumothorax (31), acute dyspnea (28) and hemoptysis (11). The diagnosis was always confirmed endoscopically. In 8 patients, management of the lesions was delayed for more than 1 week due to misdiagnosis or severe associated injuries. Thirty-eight patients underwent tracheal or bronchial surgical repair associated in 13 cases with a temporary stenting, 4 patients underwent partial or total lung resection, 2 were managed by laser therapy and the 5 others received only medical care and endoscopic survey. Four patients died (8.5%), 2 from bleeding in the bronchial tree from a pulmonary artery tear, 1 from hypertensive pneumothorax under respiratory support and the last from mediastinitis due to delayed diagnosis of an associated oesophageal wound. All 43 other survived in spite of some very critical situations. This experience confirms that technical problems of surgical repair are nowadays overcome and that prognosis of tracheobronchial ruptures mainly depends on the initial control of respiratory failure and complications. Avoiding lethal anoxia or endobronchial damage in the emergency period before referring the patient to the surgeon is essential.
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PMID:Post traumatic tracheobronchial lesions. A follow-up study of 47 cases. 189 64


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