Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tracheocutaneous fistula is seen frequently in decannulated children and respiratory complications associated with primary surgical closure can be potentially fatal. Cough is a precipitating factor for an air leak and we report two cases in which this occurred. A tracheotomy was performed on a 5-month-old girl for mechanical ventilation. Decannulation was successful at the first attempt. One year later, she presented with a persistent tracheo-cutaneous fistula. After surgical closure without drainage, she developed subcutaneous emphysema during a coughing episode. Sutures were removed. A 9-month-old boy presented with oxygen-dependence after lung disease and a tracheotomy was performed for respiratory support. Decannulation was successful at the first attempt 6 months later. He developed a pneumomediastinum after surgical closure of a tracheo-cutaneous fistula. Sutures were removed but replacement of a tracheotomy tube was required. In both cases the wounds were allowed to heal by secondary intention.
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PMID:Complications of surgical closure of tracheo-cutaneous fistula in pediatric patients - two case reports. 1069 47

We report the use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) to facilitate smooth emergence from anesthesia in 3 patients who underwent lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for severely symptomatic emphysema. To prevent coughing during emergence we replaced the endotracheal tube with LMA while patient was still in deep anesthesia. Emergence was smooth without coughing in all three patients, and ventilation with facemask was not needed after removal of LMA. We believe this technique is safe and beneficial for anesthetic management of LVRS.
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PMID:[Tracheal tube/laryngeal mask exchange to prevent coughing in lung volume reduction surgery]. 1075 21

Anamnesis: 61-year old man with progressive shortness of breath on exercise. Cough and expectoration during the last 6 years. - Exposure: Driver of cereals, massive exposure to mouldy and pest contaminated grains. Gave up his profession in 1979 due to dyspnea with short (2-3 h) latency after exposure. Since 1980 intermittent exposure during occasional jobs; renewed symptomatology. Aspergillus fumigatus detected on agar plates inoculated with material from wet areas in bathroom and kitchen. - Clinical symptoms: Barely audible vesicular breathing, barrel-shaped thorax, inspiratory-intercostal retraction. - Bodyplethysmography: Obstructive pulmonary emphysema with FEV1 0.8 l, TLC 7.8 l, RV/TLC relation 67%. - Precipitin-detection: Significantly increased IgG against Fusarium. Other moulds including Aspergillus: negative; thermophilic actinomycetes: negative; pigeon and chicken: negative; Ouchterlony with native material from patients flat: negative. - CT including HR-CT: Bilateral-substantial emphysema, no bullae, no ground glass-opacity, no signs for interstitial lung diseases, no mediastinal enlargement of lymph nodes. - Alpha-1-Antitrypsin: 1.67 to 2.3 g/l (normal range), phenotype M1. - Histology: In resected material from right-side lung-volume-resection detection of pulmonary emphysema as well as lymphocyte infiltration and numerous epitheloid cell granulomas with Langhans'giant cells without caseation assessed as residues of an exogenous allergic alveolitis. - Conclusion: In a patient with lung volume reduction surgery due to severe emphysema histologically a persistent exogenous allergic alveolitis was detected, which might have caused the emphysema.
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PMID:Histologically proven extrinsic allergic alveolitis with severe obstructive pulmonary emphysema 1075 71

Paradoxical cerebral air embolization through a residual tract after the removal of a central venous catheter is a serious complication of central venous cannulation. Air embolisms resulting from residual catheter tracts in general patients and in single lung transplant patients have been reported. The generally accepted mechanism of this complication is failure of a spontaneous collapse or thrombotic obliteration of a well-formed catheter tract. It may be related to the duration of catheter insertion, the patient's nutritional status, the diameter of the indwelling catheter, the upright position of the patient, deep inspiration or coughing, and improper wound dressing and catheter removal. Cardiovascular collapse, pulmonary or neurologic sequelae, and even death, are commonly noted in patients with air embolism. In this article, we report on cerebral air embolization as a complication with the removal with a central venous catheter in a patient with bullous emphysema. A high degree of suspicion and a prompt diagnosis are required for successful application of established therapy. Simple prophylactic procedures and constant awareness of the unusual mechanism of air embolism remain the best treatment.
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PMID:Paradoxical cerebral air embolism after removal of a central venous catheter: case report. 1119 Mar 81

We report the case of a young patient who developed spontaneous compressive orbital emphysema after an attack of coughing. At admission the patient presented left proptosis, diplopia, vision impairment and headache. Computer tomography showed air in the lateral part of left orbit compressing the eyeball and the optic nerve medially. It also revealed a sphenoid bone dysplasia with hyperpneumatization of the left greater wing and with two dehiscences in its wall. It was very intriguing to discover that this sphenoid dysplasia and the flap of mucosa covering one dehiscence were causing a ball-valve effect, allowing air to enter but not leave the orbit. Endoscopic sinus surgery was successfully used to treat this case.
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PMID:Spontaneous compressive orbital emphysema of rhinogenic origin. 1119 31

The association between pulmonary fibrosis and pneumomediastinum is infrequent. Computed tomography is the suited method for the detection of small pneumomediastinum, which is difficult to detect by chest radiography. A case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with frequent and violent cough, with pneumomediastinum and cervical subcutaneous emphysema, without pneumothorax, probably caused by rupture of bullae is presented. The outcome was favourable with symptomatic treatment.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. 1121 83

Coal mine dust exposure is associated with accelerated loss of lung function. We assessed long-term health outcomes in two groups of underground coal miners who during previous mine surveys had shown either high rates of FEV1 decline (cases, n = 310) or relatively stable lung function (referents, n = 324). Cases and referents were matched initially for age, height, smoking status, and FEV1. We determined vital status for 561 miners, and obtained a follow-up questionnaire for 121 cases and 143 referents. Responses on the follow-up questionnaire were compared with those on the last previous mine health survey questionnaire. Cases showed a greater incidence of symptoms than did referents for cough, phlegm production, Grades II and III dyspnea, and wheezing, and greater incidences than referents of chronic bronchitis and self- reported asthma and emphysema. More cases than referents (15% versus 4%) left mining before retirement because of chest illnesses. After controls were applied for age and smoking, cases had twice the risk of dying of cardiovascular and nonmalignant respiratory diseases and a 3.2-fold greater risk of dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than did referents. Rapid declines in FEV1 experienced by some coal miners are associated with subsequent increases in respiratory symptoms, illnesses, and mortality from cardiovascular and nonmalignant respiratory diseases.
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PMID:Rapid declines in FEV1 and subsequent respiratory symptoms, illnesses, and mortality in coal miners in the United States. 1185 Mar 52

Between 1990 and 1999, 741 bronchoscopic procedures were performed in 698 children, 594 of whom were evaluated for foreign-body aspiration (FBA) (mean age 3.9 years, male:female 287/307). Based on the presenting symptoms, clinical outcome, and complications, two major groups were identified. Group 1 consisted of 438 patients with a definitive history of FBA. Most were admitted soon after the aspiration with sudden onset of symptoms such as coughing, choking, wheezing, and respiratory distress. Group 2 comprised 156 patients with chronic pulmonary infections and/or atelectasis without a definitive history of FBA. The most common radiographic finding was emphysema of one lung in group 1 (61.1%) and pneumonia in group 2 (70%). Among the patients in whom a FB was removed, the percentage of normal radiography was 17%. The FB was identified and removed in 83% of cases in group 1. The complication rate in this group was 9.8%, and all the complications were treated medically. Only 2 patients required intercostal drainage. In group 2, a FB was identified in 25% of bronchoscopic examinations and 17% of the patients developed complications. One of these patients underwent an urgent thoracotomy due to bilateral tension pneumothoraces and 2 required tracheostomies. Patients with a definitive history of FBA, even with a normal physical examination and radiographic findings, must undergo bronchoscopic investigation. Cases with late presentation and chronic pulmonary infection are at high risk. In this group care should be take in determining the indication and timing of bronchoscopy in order to prevent life-threatening complications.
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PMID:Bronchoscopic removal of tracheobroncheal foreign bodies: value of patient history and timing. 1131 9

One of the issues concerning harmonization in the development of pharmaceutical products, especially antimicrobials, is discrepancy in the indications to be studied clinically. In particular, it has been very much questioned whether the underlying disease in Western patients diagnosed with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) is identical with chronic bronchitis in Japan. We assessed chest X-ray films from 105 AECB patients enrolled in a clinical study of SB265805 (a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent under development) conducted in Europe, and then compared their clinical signs/symptoms and laboratory data with Japanese historical data. Five of the 105 patients did not meet the criteria of AECB; i.e., 2 of them were diagnosed with pneumonia, 1 with bronchiectasis, 1 with pneumoconiosis, and 1 with bronchiectasis plus pulmonary emphysema. In the remaining 100 patients, chest X-ray findings and laboratory test results were consistent with the concept of chronic bronchitis, although 23 of them had other cardiac or pulmonary diseases as well. There were significant imbalances in distribution between Western patients and Japanese historical data in terms of age, cough, WBC counts, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Compared with Japanese historical data, Western patients were younger and had a more severe cough, although increases in WBC and CRP were less remarkable. For other variables, i.e., sex, fever, and volume of sputum, no significant difference was detected in distribution. Overall, there was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to disease severity, as assessed by fever, WBC, and CRP.
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PMID:Comparison of chest X-ray findings and other parameters in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in Japan and the West. 1140 55

We describe a 4-year-old girl with asthma who presented with pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema. She was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation and cough of two days duration. She had attacks of cough, dyspnea and wheezing from two years of age, but she did not have a diagnosis of asthma previously. She was dyspneic and had subcutaneous emphysema in the neck, axilla and thorax. In the skin prick test (Center Lab. USA) she had positive reaction to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, mold mix, tree mix and grass mix. Pulmonary function tests could not be performed. In the chest X-ray air was seen in mediastinum and subcutaneous area and the epicardium was surrounded completely with air. She was treated successfully with inhaled salbutamol and budesonide. Radiological signs of pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum disappeared completely in ten days period. In the light of this case we want to mention that early diagnosis and treatment of asthma should be done to prevent serious complication of asthma.
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PMID:Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium: unusual and rare complications of asthma in a 4 years old girl. 1144 32


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