Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Is an acute bronchial, obstructive disease of the infant caused mainly by the respiratory syncytial virus. It appears epidemically preceded by infections of the upper respiratory ducts, followed by coughing, dysnea, expiratory sibilants, suprasternal and subcostal during inspiration and radiologic evidences of choneking. In the differential diagnosis the physician must consider pulmonary dysgenesis, diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lobar emphysema, congenital cardiopathy, pneumothorax, obstruction due to foreign body, asthmatic crisis and fibrocystic disease. Fundamentally, two diagnoses should be discarded: 1) dyspenic bacterial bronchopneumonic syndrome; 2) prime infection T. B. bronchopneumonia with bronchiolitic syndrome.
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PMID:[Bronchiolitis]. 742 29

Of the twenty-three employees at a pharmaceutical plant manufacturing a new product containing papain, twelve had respiratory symptoms of cough, wheezing, dyspnoea, or chest paint. Most were studied with in-depth interviews by a doctor, extensive pulmonary function tests, and immunoserological tests for IgE and precipitating antibodies specific for papain, as well as total IgE antibodies to common natural allergens. There were significant correlates (all P values < 0.05) between the presence of specific IgE antibodies to papain and decreases of FEV1, FEF75--85, TLC, RV, and response to bronchodilators as percentage change from baseline for all spirographic flow rates. Atopic workers developed pulmonary symptoms and antipapain antibodies significantly sooner after papain exposure than did the others. Duration of exposure had no effect on symptomatology, pulmonary function, or immunological response. However, those judged to have the greatest amount of dust exposure per work-day had significantly more pulmonary symptoms (P < 0.005). Papain produced lung diseases by acting as an inhalant allergen rather than a proteolytic enzyme. Papain is a potent sensitizer in humans for the production of respiratory disease. The pulmonary reactions, based on physiological data, seem to involve small airways, alveolar, and interstitial lung tissue in an inflammatory rather than destructive manner, and thus resemble bronchitis and interstitial lung disease rather than pulmonary emphysema or typical bronchial asthma.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. 746 Feb 65

One hundred thirty patients with Siberian silicosis occurring under exposure to large amounts of dust at labor in a siberian mine were analyzed for 67 clinical and 122 laboratory data. Eighty-eight of 130 patients are now alive, but 42 have already died. When they started work, 122 of the patients were under thirty years of age. The duration of work was 7 to 12 months for 17 patients, 13 to 18 for 43, and 19 to 24 for 40. Seventy-six of 99 patients were initially diagnosed with lung tuberculosis and 23 with silicosis. Almost all patients have complained of respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, sputum, and cyanosis. All of the pulmonary function tests including %VC, FEV1.0/FVC, V25/height, RV, TLC, and DLco showed abnormal values. The chest roentogenograms showed 3 of type 1, 22 of type 2, 55 of type 3, and 124 of type 4. Of 124 type-4, large opacities, 84 were type A, 28 B, and 12 C. Of 416 small opacities, 144 were type P, 191 Q, and 81 R. The complications and secondary changes that appeared with progression of the disease were lung emphysema, hilar and mediastinal lymphnode enlargement, egg shell calcification in lymphnode, and bulla or bleb.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of 130 cases of Siberian silicosis]. 773 65

The objectives of this study were to determine the risk for coughing as an adverse reaction to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors under everyday circumstances in a large population and to study whether this adverse effect is more common in women. A population-based case-control study was used. The study was set in the practices of 161 Dutch general practitioners (GPs), in which all consultations, morbidity, mortality, medical interventions and prescriptions were registered during 4 consecutive 3-month periods in 4 consecutive groups of 40-41 GPs. The subjects were 2436 patients with incident coughing and up to 3 controls per case were obtained (total group: 7348 controls), matched for GP and a contemporary consultation in the same 3 months. All cases and controls were 20 years or older and had no notification of respiratory infections, influenza, tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, congestive heart failure, sinusitis, laryngitis, haemoptysis or respiratory neoplasms during the 3-month period. The results showed that cases were 3.6 times as likely as controls to have been exposed to ACE inhibitors (95% CI: 2.4-5.5) but after adjustment for potential confounders the odds ratio was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.6-3.9). The crude odds ratio for males was 2.7 (95% CI: 1.4-5.1) and for females 4.2 (95% CI: 2.4-7.5). The adjusted odds ratio for males was 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9-3.5) and for females 2.7 (95% CI: 1.5-4.8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated cough: a population-based case-control study. 776 16

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease involving either or both of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In the elderly, bronchial asthma is usually called chronic asthma because of sustained asthma attacks and resistance to therapy. Although the absolute value of IgE is low in the asthma in the elderly, IgE values correlated to the symptoms of asthma in the elderly. Therefore, asthma in the elderly is supposed to be primarily caused by allergic reactions. Airway epithelium products histamine methyl-transferase (HMT) and cholinesterase. Allergic reactions and/or virus infection in the airway epithelium reduce productions of these enzymes, which exacerbate bronchoconstriction. Steroid hormones increase these enzymes and relieve bronchoconstriction. Silent aspiration may exacerbate asthma attack in the night and recurrent cough and sputum in COPD. Macrolide antibiotics relieve chronic infections in the elderly. Plural constriction against bullae using thoracoscopy reduce dyspnea dramatically in emphysema.
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PMID:[Clinical strategy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly]. 811 44

High-resolution CT (HRCT) scans were performed on 156 patients, using a bone-reconstruction algorithm, 1.5 mm sections at 4 cm intervals from apex to base of the lungs and a 512 x 512 matrix. The patients either appeared to have a pathologic condition on chest film, or they presented positive clinical symptoms--i.e., cough, dyspnea, fever--and questionable/negative chest films. Since HRCT is capable of showing the secondary lobule, we employed it to study both its anatomy and the alterations that can modify its normal morphology--i.e., thickening of interlobular septa, reticular pattern, nodular pattern, high-density areas, sub-pleural lines, honeycomb pattern. HRCT findings in secondary lobules, airways, and pleura were examined. They were: lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, interstitial edema, inflammatory disorders, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and bullae. Even though some limitations still exist due to the non-specificity of HRCT findings, the latter is the best method currently available to recognize and locate interstitial conditions and, sometimes, to make a diagnosis--e.g., of lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, interstitial edema, fibrosis, emphysema, bronchiectasis. Moreover, HRCT can accurately locate pathologic areas for lung biopsy and can be used instead of chest radiographs in the follow-up.
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PMID:[High-resolution x-ray computed tomography in the study of the pulmonary parenchyma. Personal experience]. 850 18

Subcutaneous emphysema is an iatrogenic complication by which air is introduced into the tissues either during or immediately after surgery. A case is presented that demonstrates the complication, following the removal of third molars, believed to be due to violation of the maxillary sinus, an underinflated cuff of a nasotracheal tube, and coughing on extubation.
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PMID:Subcutaneous emphysema: a complication of surgery and anesthesia. 850 23

A 28-year-old man who manifested subcutaneous emphysema extending from the skull base and face to the chest, mediastinum and spinal epidural space following severe coughing caused by acute bronchitis is reported. Subcutaneous emphysema is a manifestation of non-surgical intrathoracic pathophysiology. In this patient percutaneous diagnostic peritoneal lavage resulted in the release of a large quantity of air and was negative for bleeding or contamination. No treatment other than antibiotics was prescribed. In this report, computer tomography study successfully demonstrated the areas of massive subcutaneous emphysema and the disappearance of the entrapped air, that might be absorbed into the tissues in the occupied sites within 7 days, except the air of epidural space, of a patient who manifested as a consequence of severe coughing caused by acute bronchitis.
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PMID:Massive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and spinal epidural emphysema as complications of violent coughing: a case report. 856 4

A 55-year-old white woman with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) presented to the emergency department with odynophagia and subplatysmal emphysema after a paroxysm of coughing. Lateral neck films showed subcutaneous emphysema and a retropharyngeal air stripe. Chest radiographs showed neither pneumothorax nor pneumomediastinum. Patients with LAM frequently develop pulmonary barotrauma and pneumothoracies. This patient, however, had undergone prior bilateral talc pleuradesis as treatment for recurrent pneumothoracies and, thus, could not manifest this complication of barotrauma. This case illustrates the uncommon occurrence of superior dissection of air after pulmonary barotrauma.
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PMID:Pulmonary barotrauma as the cause of pneumoretropharynx in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. 863 7

The case of a 16-year old female is presented who underwent laparoscopy under general anaesthesia and uncomplicated endotracheal intubation. Four hours after uneventful anaesthesia and extubation the patient started vomiting and coughing. Subcutaneous tissue emphysema developed and pneumomediastinum was diagnosed on a chest roentgenogram. A small lesion in the posterior wall of the trachea and consequent upon intubation by indirect tracheoscopy was identified as the possible source of air entry on the third postoperative day. Air accumulation and tracheal lesion protractedly responded to antitussive and antibiotic medication. A tracheal lesion during intubation is the most frequent and thus the most probable cause of air accumulation presenting as pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema. As in the present case, increased airway pressure from vomiting or coughing even after a latent period may induce the phenomenon. Very occasional reports on spontaneous pneumomediastinum in young individuals must not detract the circumstances of endotracheal intubation from suspecting an iatrogenic lesion, confirming it by immediate endoscopy and thereupon deciding on conservative or surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Postoperative mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema after intubation narcosis]. 876 47


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