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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with closed rupture of the cervical trachea secondary to blunt trauma, one secondary to neck injury and the other secondary to thoracic injury, were analysed with those reported else where (58). Signs and symptoms included subcutaneous emphysema, respiratory distress, hoarseness/dysphonia, dysphagia, hemoptysis and so on. We conclude that: (1) the diagnosis of blunt trauma of the cervical trachea requires a high index of suspicion, since this injury can easily be overlooked; (2) tracheostomy is the best means of airway control; (3) good long-term airway quality is best obtained by immediate repair of injuries.
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PMID:[Closed rupture of the cervical trachea]. 130 96

The low incidence of blunt trauma to the cervical portion of the trachea limits management experience in most centers. Hence, we combined our patients with those in published reports containing essential information on injury, treatment, and results. Among 51 patients (93% male), ages ranged from 3 to 65 years. There were 32 complete transections, 15 partial transections, and four tears. There were associated injuries of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (49%), esophagus (21%), larynx (14%), and cervical spine (9%). Presenting signs and symptoms included subcutaneous emphysema in 84%, respiratory distress in 76%, hoarseness/dysphonia in 46%, and hemoptysis in 21%. Tracheostomy was the best means of airway control; 13 of 17 (76%) attempted oral/nasotracheal intubations failed, necessitating emergency tracheostomy. Five patients with no respiratory distress and minimal tissue injury were successfully managed without tracheal repair. Ten patients had tracheal repair without tracheostomy. The only poor result occurred in a patient with a treatment delay of several days. Tracheal repair with tracheostomy was used in 27 patients, with good results in 19. Two patients died of other injuries, and six patients (four with delayed repair) required subsequent tracheal reconstruction. Repair over a stent was used in seven patients, four of whom had satisfactory results. From this review we conclude that (1) the diagnosis of blunt trauma to the cervical trachea requires a high index of suspicion, since this injury can easily be overlooked; (2) tracheostomy (vs intubation or cricothyroidotomy) is the preferred means of airway control; (3) preoperative laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy should be done to assess vocal cord function, possible laryngeal damage, and level of tracheal injury; (4) good long-term results, measured by voice and airway quality, are best obtained by immediate repair of significant injuries.
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PMID:Blunt injuries of the cervical trachea: review of 51 patients. 305 18

Four cases of acute laryngeal fracture that demonstrate the history and clinical findings characteristic of blunt laryngotracheal trauma are presented. Symptoms in these patients included shortness of breath, neck pain, dysphasia, dysphonia, and hemoptysis. Physical examination findings suggesting acute laryngeal injury included pain on palpation of neck, swelling or edema of the neck, subcutaneous emphysema, and loss of landmarks in the neck. All four patients were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit and had the diagnosis of laryngeal fracture confirmed at laryngoscopy. Airway obstruction is a potential complication in all patients sustaining blunt laryngotracheal trauma. Early diagnosis and management may lead to a good outcome, as with these four patients.
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PMID:Blunt laryngotracheal trauma. 372 9

A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with cervical emphysema is reported. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may complicate processes that decrease pulmonary interstitial pressure or increase intraalveolar pressure leading to alveolar rupture. Free air may then tract along blood vessels and decompress into the soft tissues of the neck. Clinical symptoms include neck and chest pain, dysphonia, and shortness of breath. Care is supportive unless the patient has a history of trauma or foreign body aspiration. Symptoms typically resolve within days.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum. 830 30

Local external evidence of neck trauma--bruising, subcutaneous emphysema, cuts, abrasions and so on--signs of upper airway obstruction, dysphonia and dysphagia are the hallmarks of laryngotracheal lesions. Such lesions tend to occur after motor vehicle accidents and usually require surgery. We describe a case of blunt laryngeal trauma, resulting from an unusual mechanism, which healed spontaneously.
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PMID:Blunt laryngeal trauma: an unusual case. 953 12

We describe a patient with a history of psychiatric disorder who was brought to our hospital after attempted suicide by hanging. Severe subcutaneous facial, palpebral and cervical emphysema was present, with dysphonia, dysphagia and slight respiratory difficulty. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed upper airway obstruction due to edema in an intact airway. Successive CAT scans gave evidence of hyoid fracture and laryngocele, in addition to the corresponding emphysema of the subcutaneous area and pneumomediastinum. Given the persistence of dysphagia, we ordered esophageal tests, which showed functional alteration of the upper esophageal sphincter. Suprasternal cervicotomy to drain the pneumomediastinum and laryngeal microsurgery to treat the laryngocele resolved the problem.
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PMID:[Hyoid fracture and traumatic subcutaneous cervical emphysema from an attempted hanging. Apropos a case]. 1072 85

During 8-year period 14 patients were treated for laryngotracheal trauma complex (8 of them with blunt injury and 6 with penetrating injury). The most common signs and symptoms were respiratory distress in 85.6%(12 patients), subcutaneous emphysema in 85.6% (12 patients) hoarseness or dysphonia in 64.3%(9 patients) and hemoptysis in 64.3% (9 patients). Tracheostomy was preferred for airway control and was required in 100% of the patients. Laryngotracheal plasty in 9 patients (6 patients within 6-48 hour after injury, 3 patients in 3-8 day after injury). Long-term airway quality was measured in 11 patients (for 2-4 year follow-up): A grade in 5 patients, B in 4 patients, and C in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Laryngotracheal trauma complex (report of 14 cases)]. 1118 26

Spontaneous medialstinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) and pneumopericardium may be defined as the presence of free air or gas in the mediastinal structures and in the pericardial sac without an apparent precipitating cause. It most frequently occurs in young healthy adults without serious underlying pulmonary disease. Although pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is often asymptomatic, it may cause pain in the neck and chest, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Treatment is supportive unless the patient has a history of trauma from foreign body aspiration. The course of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is usually benign and self-limited. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema in a 20-year-old male is reported in this paper.
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PMID:A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a young adult. 1176 80

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a presence of free air in the mediastinum without previous injury and without previously known lung disease. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is infrequent and little known by physicians. Authors present a case report of three young men with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. There was no evident causation in two cases. In one case there was previous excessive sport activity. Main presenting symptoms were chest and neck pain, odynophagia, dysphonia, vomiting, and neck subcutaneous emphysema. Esophageal perforation was ruled out. All patients recovered spontaneously. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is the benign disease. Its main importace is in differential diagnosis concerning especially esophageal perforation.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum]. 1697 63

We present a case report of a thyroid fracture after a sneezing episode, with odynophagia, dysphonia, and neck pain. The examination showed oedema at the right vocal cord and haematoma at the right false vocal cord. An anterior thyroid fracture without displacement, and a subcutaneous emphysema could be seen on the CT. Thyroid fracture because of this aetiology is most exceptional; only 1 similar case report has been described in the literature.
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PMID:[Fracture of thyroid cartilage after a sneezing episode]. 1737 87


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