Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-resolution CT findings have been described for several diffuse lung diseases. Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) is an inflammatory lung disorder associated with cigarette smoking. This condition has only recently been described and distinguished from desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, which it closely resembles. We describe high-resolution CT findings in five cases of biopsy-proven RB-ILD. The findings are variable and range from no detectable abnormality to atelectasis, ground-glass opacities, emphysema, and linear and reticular interstitial abnormalities.
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PMID:High resolution CT in respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease. 841 38

Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) is a clinicopathologic entity occurring rarely in smokers. We report three cases of RB-ILD diagnosed pathologically by surgical lung biopsy. Cough was observed in all cases, sputum in one case and dyspnea on exertion in another. Reduction of diffusing capacity was observed in all three cases. No abnormality was found in the chest radiographs of any case. However, in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), ground-glass opacities and centrilobular nodules were observed in all three cases, emphysema in one case, intralobular linear or reticular opacities in two cases, small subpleural cysts in two and emphysema in one. Histologic examination of lung biopsy specimens taken by thoracoscopy showed peribronchiolar fibrosis and centrilobular intraluminal accumulation of macrophages in all three cases, centrilobular emphysema, membranous bronchioles filled with mucus and macrophages, and focal microscopic honeycombing in subpleural lesions in one case each. RB-ILD should be included in the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in smokers.
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PMID:[Three cases of respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD): a study of HRCT-pathologic correlation]. 1269 97

Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) designates interstitial lung changes in smokers, characterized histologically by bronchiolocentric accumulation of pigmented alveolar macrophages and fibrotic or cellular inflammatory changes of pulmonary interstitium. The definition is nearly identical to that of condensate pneumopathy, smoker's pneumopathy or smoker's lung, defined by accumulation of pigmented alveolar macrophages with bland alveoloseptal or peribronchial fibrosis and cellular inflammation of the bronchial wall. In addition to respiratory bronchiolitis, which is found in nearly all smokers, RB-ILD comprises a broad spectrum of varying degrees of the interstitial reaction to the exogenous injury of inhalation smoking with gradual transition to desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP). In most cases RB-ILD manifestations are subclinical and detected coincidentally. Radiographic features are reticulonodular and ground glass opacities of the lung. The high resolution computed tomography reveals centrilobular nodules, ground glass opacities, thickening of bronchial walls, and in some cases a reticular pattern. Mild emphysema is frequent. Lung function analysis reveals only minor restrictive or obstructive defects in most cases, often combined with hyperinflation. CO diffusing capacity is slightly to moderately impaired. Pronounced interstitial lung diseases with serious restrictive defects and arterial hypoxemia have been reported infrequently. In differential diagnosis smoking related interstitial lung diseases (DIP, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and other interstitial lung diseases have to be excluded. In most cases diagnosis can be achieved by bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. In cases of pronounced interstitial lung disease or assumption of an additional interstitial lung disease besides RB-ILD a thoracoscopic or open lung biopsy can be necessary. RB-ILD has a favourable prognosis. After smoking cessation lung changes are reversible. Corticosteroid therapy is not necessary. A fatal outcome of RB-ILD has not been reported. Follow-up examinations are advisable in order to preclude other interstitial lung diseases. RB-ILD seems to be more frequent than it is assumed at present. The clinical picture is masked in most cases by the concomitant smoking induced chronic bronchitis. Thus only pronounced cases with structural changes and resulting differential diagnostic problems are diagnosed.
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PMID:[Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD)]. 1278 81

Cigarette smoking is a recognized causative agent or precipitant of specific diffuse lung diseases characterized by bronchiolar and interstitial lung inflammation. Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis are now considered smoking-induced diffuse lung diseases. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is also recognized as a smoking-induced interstitial pneumonia in most cases. These disorders affect relatively young adult smokers and may be progressive. Although distinguishable by histopathological and radiographic features, significant overlap occurs in many cases with chest radiography and lung histology showing overlapping features of smoking-related bronchiolar and interstitial lung injury. Cigarette smoking is also recognized as an important precipitant of many acute eosinophilic pneumonia cases. Smokers are at higher risk of developing fibrotic interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Certain smokers also develop combined emphysema and lung fibrosis. The avoidance of primary and second-hand cigarette smoke is a critical component of management for patients afflicted with these smoking-induced diffuse lung diseases. The role of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments in the management of smoking-related interstitial lung diseases remains poorly defined and should be reserved for individuals with progressive disease despite smoking cessation. Understanding mechanisms by which tobacco induces diffuse lung pathology is critical in the pursuit of novel therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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PMID:Diffuse lung diseases in cigarette smokers. 2300 6

Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) is a rare, mild inflammatory pulmonary disorder that occurs almost exclusively in current or former heavy smokers, usually between the third and sixth decades, most likely with no gender predilection. The onset is usually insidious with exertional dyspnea and persistent cough, which may be non-productive, developing over a course of weeks or months. RB-ILD may also be diagnosed in asymptomatic patients with functional impairment and chest radiograph or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) abnormalities. Histologically, RB-ILD is characterized by the accumulation of yellow-brown pigmented macrophages within the lumens of respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts, associated with a patchy submucosal and peribronchiolar chronic inflammation. Common findings also include mild bronchiolar and peribronchiolar alveolar fibrosis that expands contiguous alveolar septa and leads to architectural distortion as well as centrilobular emphysema. Chest radiographs in patients with RB-ILD typically show fine reticulonodular interstitial opacities, while on HRCT central and peripheral bronchial wall thickening, centrilobular nodules, and ground-glass opacities associated with upper lobe centrilobular emphysema are most frequently reported. Pulmonary function testing may be normal but usually demonstrates mixed, predominantly obstructive abnormalities, often combined with hyperinflation and usually associated with a mild to moderate reduction in carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLco). The course of RB-ILD is heterogeneous. Some patients respond favorably to corticosteroids and/or smoking cessation, but often there is no functional improvement and the disease progresses despite smoking cessation and treatment.
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PMID:Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease. 2501 86

Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RBILD) is a distinct clinical-pathological disease described almost exclusively among cigarette smokers. Normally, the most common manifestations in computed tomography findings of RBILD are central and peripheral bronchial wall thickening, centrilobular nodules, ground glass opacity, and mild centrilobular emphysema in the upper lobes. In this study, we report a current smoker presenting with diffuse ground glass opacity in the entire lungs along with paraseptal emphysema. This case differs from past reports where obvious paraseptal emphysema in upper lung is seldom reported.
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PMID:Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease with obvious paraseptal emphysema. 2803 33