Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors make an analysis of 455 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax hospitalized and treated in the Clinic for Thoracic Surgery from Bucharest between 1952 and 1974. The therapeutic attitude recommended in such cases is the aspiration drainage through minimal pleurotomy (aspiration being carried out in relation with the parenchymal aerial losses). Introduction through the drainage tube of irritating substances will enhance pleural symphisis. The drainage will be maintained for 7--8 days. In the recidivating pneumothorax, or in cases where recovery is not achieved by aspiration drainage, thoracotomy becomes necessary for performing total pleurectomy and atypical resection of emphysema bubbles from the pulmonary cortical, since these are at the origin of the aerorrhagies (the Coman procedure). With the aid of these surgical techniques very good results have been obtained in all cases of spontaneous pneumothorax.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax due to emphysema]. 13 40

Thoracic surgery is done in the Research Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis for about 25 years. 2463 lung resections on account of tuberculosis, 934 lung resections on account of intrathoracic tumors, among them 795 suffering from bronchial carcinoma, 422 operations because of nonspecific pulmonary diseases (bronchiectasis, lung abscess a.s.o.) and nearly the same number of operations because of spontaneous pneumothorax were performed in this time. Cystic lung disease, bullous emphysema, pulmonary mycosis and diseases of diaphragm and oesophagus were rarer indications for surgery. Since 1970 an increasing number of thoracic injuries by accidents were treated (70 patients). At the beginning collapse therapy (1953/54) was still in use (305 operations). In all the number of great thoracic operations 1978 was 5417. Besides, experimental investigations dealing with lung transplantation were done in dogs. These results are published in several papers. The technical experience gained by this research work could be utilized for clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:[Contributions of thoracic surgery in the Research Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis since its founding and under the presence conditions in the treatment of specific and nonspecific lung diseases (author's transl)]. 51 7

43 patients with congenital lobar emphysema were treated surgically at the Thoracic Unit, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, between 1954 and 1974. Nearly half of the infants had additional congenital anomalies. 7 children died after operation.
 ...
PMID:Congenital lobar emphysema. 108 Jun

A 5-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined because of a small axillary wound sustained 5 days earlier and had resulted in extensive subcutaneous emphysema. Three days after admission, the horse's respiratory rate had increased to 72 breaths/min, and the horse appeared anxious and distressed. Thoracic radiography revealed pneumomediastinum and severe bilateral pneumothorax. Tube thoracostomy was performed on both hemithoraxes. The drains were connected to one-way suction valves and suction devices to decompress the thorax. A nasopharyngeal catheter was inserted, and oxygen insufflation was started. Cross ties were placed on the horse to limit movement, and the wound was packed. The horse improved within 30 minutes after initiating treatment. The horse was released 15 days after the development of pneumothorax, at which time the pneumothorax had resolved, the wound was no longer open, and the subcutaneous emphysema had greatly decreased. Although subcutaneous emphysema is usually regarded as a temporary cosmetic disfigurement, it can lead to serious complications such as pneumothorax. This case demonstrates that subcutaneous emphysema can lead to a life-threatening pneumothorax if the pressure is great enough to migrate through the mediastinum and into the pleural cavity. Horses with subcutaneous emphysema should be kept in confinement and monitored for the development of pneumothorax.
 ...
PMID:Subcutaneous emphysema from an axillary wound that resulted in pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax in a horse. 160 16

Important divergences in the definition of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema have persisted until the middle 1950's. Definitions were first standardized in 1958 by a group of British experts (CIBA symposium) and made clearer by the WHO Experts Group on Cor Pulmonale in 1961 and by the American Thoracic Society in 1962. The standardized questionnaire proposed by the British Medical Research Council has been widely adopted. For pulmonary emphysema, a precise definition based on anatomical data (dilatation of terminal air spaces with destruction of their walls) has been accepted. Chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms (almost daily productive cough 3 months each year, at least on 2 consecutive years; the terms "chronic cough" and "recurrent bronchitis" are still controversial. The greatest difficulties have been encountered in the definition of bronchial asthma; despite a second CIBA symposium (1971) devoted to this problem, it has not been possible to improve on the fairly wide physiological definition put forward in 1958 (bronchial obstruction that varies either spontaneously or under the influence of treatment). For about 15 years peripheral airways obstruction (PAO), sometimes called "small airways disease" has been recognized as a special anatomical and functional syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Clear definitions of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. Imperative for pneumological practice, teaching and research]. 188 Jul 82

To characterize asthma in the elderly, 25 consecutive nonsmoking pulmonary clinic patients over the age of 70 who met the American Thoracic Society criteria for asthma were identified. Of these, 12 patients (48%) had developed asthma at an advanced age (greater than 65 yr). This group with late-onset asthma had a mean duration of disease of 5.1 +/- 2.5 yr. The remaining group with early-onset asthma had a mean duration of illness of 31.4 +/- 14.6 yr. On the day of evaluation each patient underwent pulmonary function testing off all medication for at least 12 h. These two groups were indistinguishable by symptoms and medication requirements. Immediate hypersensitivity skin testing to 43 aeroallergens was uniformly negative in all 25 patients but the histamine control was always positive. IgE levels in both groups were not different from those in elderly control subjects. Those with early-onset asthma had a greater likelihood of previous allergic disease (p less than 0.001) and a significantly greater degree of airflow obstruction in pre- and postbronchodilator pulmonary function testing (p less than 0.05). This study suggests that long-standing asthma may lead to chronic persistent airflow obstruction and thereby mimic chronic bronchitis and emphysema (COPD).
 ...
PMID:Asthma in the elderly. A comparison between patients with recently acquired and long-standing disease. 199 Sep 49

In a retrospective study, the authors evaluated the initial and follow-up radiographs and ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scans of 12 boys and girls with lobar emphysema who were treated conservatively and were followed up for a median of 3 years (range, 6 months to 12 years). All 12 boys and girls underwent anteroposterior and lateral chest radiography at admission and at varying intervals thereafter. Ten patients underwent V/Q lung scanning; six of these procedures were performed within 4 weeks of initial radiography. Six patients underwent follow-up V/Q scanning. Thoracic computed tomography was performed in four patients at admission. In all 12 cases gradual improvement in symptoms was paralleled by improvements in serial chest radiographs and, in six cases, by improvements in V/Q scans. The affected lobe appeared to be less hyperinflated on follow-up radiographs. For those children who showed functional improvement, ventilation improved more than perfusion, as demonstrated on the V/Q scans. At initial radiography the adjacent "collapsed" lobe was seen to function well, suggesting that it was only compressed.
 ...
PMID:Lobar emphysema: long-term imaging follow-up. 205 91

The diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema and fibrosis is possible by measuring the inspiratory behaviour of phase angle PSI of oscillation method. In addition to the different lung compliance as the main reason an influence of the shifting intrathoracical blood volume as the result of the pressure change is discussed especially for the appearing secondary PSI-periodic. Because a direct experimental evidence is not present in this study it was attempted to describe qualitatively the blood volume shift. Thoracic electrical impedance plethysmography and methods of nuclear medicine were used as methodological base. Although impedance plethysmography appears theoretical suitable and there are references, that alterations being independent from the heart rhythm may be detected, the originally aim of the study was not reached by the used method. The registration of radioactive labeled blood over the thoracical region by means of methods of nuclear medicine was applied as an alternative method. In contrast to the theoretical concept of a suction effect of the decreasing pressure during inspiration a decrease of the impulse rate and an increase of the latter during expiration was found. The reason could be the isolated registration of changes in the alveolar vessels. Possible secondary oscillations, which could be in relation with findings of lung mechanics, were not observed.
 ...
PMID:[Modification of inspiratory phase angle behavior in oscilloresistometry]. 205 71

Important divergences in the definition of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema have persisted until the middle 1950's. Definitions were first standardized in 1958 by a group of British specialists (CIBA symposium) and made more accurate by the WHO Experts Group on Cor Pulmonale in 1961 and by the American Thoracic Society in 1962. The standardized questionnaire proposed by the British Medical Research Council has been widely adopted. As regards pulmonary emphysema, a precise definition based on anatomical data (dilatation of terminal air spaces with destruction of their walls) has been accepted. For lack of a better basis, chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms (almost daily productive cough 3 months each year, at least on 2 consecutive years); the terms "chronic cough" and "recurrent bronchitis" are still controverted. The greatest difficulties have been encountered in the definition of bronchial asthma; despite a second CIBA symposium (1971) devoted to this problem, it has not been possible to improve on the fairly wide physiological definition put forward in 1958 (bronchial obstruction that varies either spontaneously or under the influence of treatment). For about 15 years peripheral airways obstruction (PAO), sometimes called "small airways disease" has been recognized as a special anatomical and functional syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Clear definitions of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases: a necessity for practice, teaching and research in pneumology]. 207 62

Simple tests of lung function may be misleading in the assessment of patients with interstitial lung disease. Eight patients are described with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (histologically proven in four) with severe breathlessness and low gas transfer (median DLCO 32.4%, range 9.2 to 35.3%, % predicted) in whom lung volumes were preserved [median VC 98.7, range 67.5-131.1%; median TLC 92.5, range 88.1 to 121.2, (% predicted)], and in whom there was no evidence of airflow obstruction [median FEV1/FVC 84.6, range 68-116 (% predicted)]. All were current or ex-heavy smokers. Thoracic high resolution computed tomography revealed upper zone emphysema, the extent of which was not appreciated using conventional chest radiography. The atypical physiological and radiological features can be explained by coincidental cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema and high resolution computed tomography was valuable in the assessment of these patients.
 ...
PMID:Combined cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema: the value of high resolution computed tomography in assessment. 224 66


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>