Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty chronic hashish smokers (mean age-20 years) with respiratory symptoms and six control subjects who were nonhashish smokers were evaluated by history, physical examination, bronchoscopy, and bronchial biopsy. Twenty-three (23) of 23 (100 percent) patients who smoked hashish plus cigarettes had one or more histopathologic abnormalities of basal cell hyperplasia, atypical cells, or squamous cell metaplasia. Only one of seven (28.6 percent) hashish smokers who smoked cigarettes, one of three (33.3 percent) cigarette smokers who smoked no hashish, and zero of three (0 percent) nonsmokers showed one or more of the same histopathologic lesions (p less than .05). Hashish smoking when combined with cigarette smoking appeared to have more deleterious pulmonary effects than either hashish or cigarettes smoked alone, and the abnormal histopathologic lesions found in these smokers are identical to those frequently associated with later development of emphysema and carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Histopathologic and clinical abnormalities of the respiratory system in chronic hashish smokers. 12 48

The bronchopulmonary system is at particular risk from environmental pollution. At the same time, numerous natural and personal confounding variables are also effective, and investigations need to give then careful consideration. In particular such diseases as pulmonary emphysema, bronchitis, obstructive airways diseases and carcinoma of the lung may be due to environmental factors. Highly reliable methods of detecting such diseases are presented. The use of these methods by specially trained staff with the requisite skills and knowledge, is a precondition for reliable results. Numerous uncertainties associated with these requirements led to a certain unreliability of the results obtained in earlier studies. Provided that the above requirements are met, the present state of the technological art makes it possible to identify even more subtle damage that can be caused by environmental factors.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary diseases and the environment: a generation problem. The environment and pneumology: recognizing damage--damage containment]. 239 33

Respiratory muscle function was assessed in six patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Five had histologically proved small cell carcinoma of the lung; the sixth later developed metastases from an unknown primary site. Two patients had ventilatory failure, one without respiratory symptoms; another, who had emphysema, had dyspnoea and orthopnoea. The remaining three patients had no respiratory symptoms. Four patients had limb muscle weakness as judged by the maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle (range for all subjects 32-100% predicted). Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured during a maximal unoccluded sniff (Pdi: sniff), a maximal sustained inspiratory effort against a closed airway (Pdi: Pimax), and phrenic nerve stimulation (Pdi: twitch). Mild to moderate diaphragmatic weakness was present in all six patients in proportion to the degree of leg weakness (Pdi: sniff 30-64% predicted; r = 0.6; Pdi:Pimax 6-69% predicted, r = 0.8); this was associated with very low or absent Pdi:twitch during phrenic nerve stimulation. Four patients had weakness of the expiratory muscles. Improvement in muscle strength was documented in two patients after tumour chemotherapy and specific treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine and prednisolone; one patient was still alive five years from first diagnosis. It is concluded that the respiratory muscles may be implicated in this condition more often than has previously been recognised. As the lack of mobility may cause respiratory symptoms to be minimised, the presence of respiratory muscle weakness may remain undiagnosed unless formal measurement of respiratory muscle function is made.
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PMID:Respiratory muscle weakness in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. 259 31

Digital subtraction radiography was used in 84 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism to obtain information about localized changes in ventilation of the lungs. Preliminary experiences in patients with carcinoma of the lung, emphysema and acute inflammatory diseases have also been obtained. Digital subtraction radiography is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method to obtain information about ventilation in the lungs. It is completely non-invasive and requires only minimal cooperation of the patient. The sensitivity appears to be as good as that of 133Xe radionuclide ventilation studies.
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PMID:Studies on pulmonary ventilation using digital subtraction radiography. A preliminary report. 354 81

Fifteen cases of Sarcoidosis were investigated for the presence of complement dependent cytotoxicity against human lung cells grown in tissue culture. Significant levels were found in eleven cases. Absorption studies revealed that these antibodies associated with sarcoidosis could be absorbed by human lung fibroblasts but not by fibroblasts derived from human foreskin or kidney. Although we found a similar antibody frequently associated with extrinsic asthma we have only rarely found these antibodies in cases of tuberculosis, carcinoma of the lung, emphysema and intrinsic asthma.
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PMID:Sarcoid and cytotoxic lung antibodies. 379 3

The bronchial Kulchitsky cells are scattered specific cells which lie close to the basement membrane of the bronchi and bronchioles. Electron microscopy reveals that they contain electron-dense granules similar to that seen in cells with a known endocrine function. In addition, experimentally induced degranulation of the K cell suggestive of a secretory process, and the likelihood that these cells are precursors of small cell lung carcinoma (which often elaborates humoral substances) has led to the postulate that this bronchial cell serves a humoral role of either a paracrine or endocrine nature. We have found that the bronchial K cell of man contains a calcitonin-like polypeptide which, immunologically and chemically, is not dissimilar to the hormone produced by the C cells of human thyroid. This finding may help explain the persistence of serum immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) after total thyroidectomy, the fact that thyroidectomized man does not manifest any profound alteration of calcium metabolism, and why small cell cancer of the lung is frequently associated with hypercalcitonemia. In addition, the finding of K cell hyperplasia in chronic bronchitis and emphysema may explain the occurrence of hypercalcitonemia in patients with these diseases and some lung cancers of cell types other than the small cell variety. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of K cell iCT, and to determine what other hormones might also be elaborated by this diffuse system of bronchial cells.
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PMID:Hypothesis: the bronchial Kulchitsky (K) cell as a source of humoral biologic activity. 627 May 16

The difficulty in classifying pulmonary infection within areas of bullous emphysema may have contributed to the lack of appreciation of this entity. This process is important to recognize because: (1) the clinical picture is usually benign:; (2) it may be confused with tuberculosis, fungal disease, and carcinoma of the lung; and (3) radiographic resolution may be slow. For these reasons, pneumonitis which occurs within emphysematous lung may have been previously considered as slowly resolving pneumonias. The development of air-fluid levels within bullae has been called "infected emphysematous bullae." We believe that this phrase is misleading since there are no bacteriologic data to support the presence of infection within the bullae containing fluid. In fact, direct sampling of intrabullous fluid has been rarely reported and, if obtained, has been generally negative for bacteria. Furthermore, the clinical course in our patients is alos not consistent with infection within a space. Once fiberoptic bronchoscopy has excluded an obstructing endobronchial lesion, the physician may patiently follow the anticipated gradual resolution. We suggest that the phrase, "periemphysematous lung infection" best describes these related clinical-radiological conditions.
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PMID:Peri-emphysematous lung infection. 691 23

Recent in vitro studies and animal investigation indicate that plasma leucocyte elastase (PLE) can dissolve pulmonary structural proteins, such as elastin, and produce lesions in the lung similar to that seen in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and emphysema. In contrast, heparin strongly inhibits PLE and protects elastin from elastolysis. On the basis of these findings, PLE levels were monitored in 24 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) undergoing lobectomy. Ten patients from Killingbeck Hospital (Group 1) received 5000 IU subcutaneous (s.c.) heparin commenced 2 h prior to surgery and continued at 8 h intervals until the patient was fully ambulatory. Fourteen patients from Bradford Royal Infirmary (Group 2) received no heparin as standard policy. There was no significant difference in pre-operative PLE levels between groups. The post operative PLE levels in both groups increased significantly (P < 0.02) on the first post operation day (POD). However, PLE levels of Group 2 were 2.5 to 5.3 times higher than those of Group 1 at each postoperative interval (first, third, and seventh POD) respectively (0.002 < P < 0.02). There was no difference in blood loss between groups (P = 0.17). These results indicate that post operative PLE activity is elevated in NSCLC patients following lobectomy and s.c. heparin administration as thromboprophylaxis may inhibit PLE activity post operatively without increasing blood loss. Therefore, heparin may have a role to play in protecting lung tissue against the pulmonary lesions caused by proteolytic activity of PLE, and theoretically reduce post-operative complications, such as ARDS or emphysema.
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PMID:Influence of heparin thromboprophylaxis on plasma leucocyte elastase levels following lobectomy for lung carcinoma. 873 46

A retrospective study to investigate the prevalence and severity of impairment of the lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCO) in patients with lung carcinoma was done using a case-control matched design. A group of 70 patients with the histologic diagnosis of lung carcinoma was matched on a one-to-one basis with a group of patients with chronic bronchitis and/or pulmonary emphysema (COPD); the matching was done based on the FEV1 within 10 percent of each other for all pairs. The groups of lung carcinoma and COPD had similar history of smoking consumption and pulmonary function, except that the Dco was reduced in the carcinoma group (mean +/- SD: 56.4 +/- 12.8 percent of predicted) compared with the control group (64.4 +/- 20.1 percent of predicted; p = 0.0027). Among the carcinoma group, only one patient had a Dco above 75 percent of the predicted value, while in the control group, 22 patients had a Dco above 75 percent of predicted values. It appears that Dco is more frequently reduced in patients with lung carcinoma than in a group of patients with similar FEV1 and smoking history who have chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema but had no evidence of lung carcinoma. We speculate that the reduction of Dco in patients with lung carcinoma could be due to the concurrent presence of pulmonary emphysema.
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PMID:Reduction of lung diffusion for carbon monoxide in patients with lung carcinoma. 813 54

A 65-year-old man with lung carcinoma is presented. Chest radiography showed unilateral Kerley B lines in the right midlung and base, suggestive of lymphangitic carcinomatosis. High resolution CT demonstrated that this finding was due to residual normal interlobular septa, suspended between areas of paraseptal emphysema.
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PMID:Paraseptal emphysema mimicking unilateral lymphangitic carcinomatosis: CT findings. 837 Aug 40


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