Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-year cohort study which started in September 1987 investigates the effect of air pollution in adult patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. Of 108 patients recruited during the pilot phase in 1987 only eight patients had left the study prematurely. The most important components of the study are the daily peakflow measurements and a diary on medication and symptoms. In a preliminary analysis the influence of medication and season has been analyzed for the period September 1988 to June 1989 for 53 patients. In general, the reactions to seasonal changes were small. However, a significant decrease in peak-flow values by about 5% was found for the months of May and June compared to December for patients with chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma.
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PMID:A 3-year cohort study on short-term effects of air pollution in Germany. 1. Influences of medication and season. 148 Sep 59

Ten children and adolescents (aged four to 21 years) with the homozygous form of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) were investigated with regard to obstructive airway disease. Besides the recording of the history, tests of lung function and allergy tests were performed. It was shown that bronchial asthma occurred in three out of ten patients. However, we could not demonstrate any statistically significant increased incidence of bronchial asthma in our unselected PiZZ-patients compared to the overall population. There was no indication of emphysema in any of the nine patients.
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PMID:[Homozygous alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) and bronchial asthma in childhood--is there a connection?]. 158 59

Although many factors have been shown to relate to survival in patients with COPD, the patient's age and baseline postbronchodilator FEV1 are the best predictors of mortality. The presence of mild obstructive airway disease is not indicative of a progressive downhill course and shortened survival. Mortality in patients with a baseline postbronchodilator FEV1 greater than or equal to 50% of predicted was only slightly greater than that of a group of healthy smokers. Investigators attempting to compare survival in patients with COPD should attempt to exclude patients with asthma or asthmatic bronchitis, because these individuals have a much better prognosis than those with typical COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis). Patients should be matched closely for age and severity of impairment, because younger individuals and those with milder impairment are likely to live longer. Other factors besides age and baseline FEV1 have been shown to affect survival. Patients who stop smoking are likely to survive longer than those who continue to smoke. The presence of malnutrition has clearly been shown to worsen survival. Further studies will be necessary to determine if corticosteroid therapy can slow down progression of disease in patients with typical COPD. Oxygen therapy improves survival in COPD patients with significant hypoxemia, many of whom also have CO2 retention, polycythemia, and cor pulmonale. There are now multiple studies in the literature suggesting that the type of comprehensive respiratory care provided by pulmonary rehabilitation programs can not only improve the quality of life but also survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 220 43

Neisseria microorganisms (Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria sicca, and Neisseria mucosa) are regarded as normal respiratory commensals. Branhamella catarrhalis (formerly Neisseria catarrhalis) has also been regarded as a normal respiratory commensal, but reports indicate that it can be pathogenic. The role of Neisseria spp was studied in 160 patients with chest infections and symptoms and signs of obstructive respiratory disease. Group I patients (n = 140) had a history of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Group II patients (n = 20) had an initially responsive pulmonary tuberculosis but presented with fever and obstructive airway disease. Group I patients had disease that was difficult to control despite increased bronchodilator therapy, but they responded dramatically after two to three days of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Patients in group II showed a similar response to erythromycin. Neisseria infection was responsible for precipitating or exacerbating respiratory distress in both groups. Accordingly, it is concluded that Neisseria can be pathogenic and that patients with fever and obstructive respiratory symptoms require treatment.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms due to Branhamella catarrhalis and other Neisseria species infections--response to erythromycin therapy. 250 70

Trends in COPD morbidity and mortality were investigated among the population of Tecumseh, Michigan, for the period 1959 to 1987. COPD was mentioned on the death certificates of 11% (102) of deceased men and 13% (24) of deceased women. Forty-one percent of these deaths was attributed to COPD as the underlying cause and the remainder to COPD as a contributory cause. Usage of diagnostic terms changed during the course of the study; emphysema was mentioned on 81% of certificates completed prior to 1968, whereas COPD was entered on 77% of the certificates written after 1978. Proportional mortality rates of COPD increased from 8% during 1959 to 1967 to 13.3% during 1979 to 1987 among men, and from 2.7% during the earlier years to 4.3% during the later years among women. Death rates for COPD and for all causes combined increased among men from the early 1960s to the late 1970s, then declined. Death rates for all causes combined were stable among women, but COPD death rates may have increased. Prevalence rates for chronic bronchitis were lower at the third examination than at the second in both sexes. Prevalence of obstructive airway disease was highest at the first and lower at the second and third examinations in men but not in women. Agreement between study diagnoses of COPD and entry of COPD on death certificates was poor. COPD was recorded on the death certificate for only 21% of men and only 6% of women who had COPD diagnosed at a study examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Trends in COPD morbidity and mortality in Tecumseh, Michigan. 278 59

The hypothesis of an increased muscarinic receptor sensitivity in airway musculature of patients with asthma, chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema was investigated through methacholine-induced contraction of isolated airway smooth muscle strips. Contractile responses were recorded isotonically in tracheal smooth muscle preparations of 5 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, 2 patients with emphysema and 1 patient with allergic asthma, as well as in bronchial tissue preparations of 7 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The responses were compared to those obtained in airway tissue preparations of 25 control subjects. The sensitivity to methacholine was normal in all groups of patients. This suggests that muscarinic receptor behaviour is normal in airway smooth muscle of patients with obstructive airway disease.
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PMID:Muscarinic receptor sensitivity in airway smooth muscle of patients with obstructive airway disease. 324 39

Some premature and mature newborns who require intermittent positive airway pressure (IPPV) and high oxygen concentrations for respiratory distress syndrome develop characteristic damage of bronchi and bronchioles termed broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD). According to the radiographic findings the changes are categorized into four progressive stages. Stage 1 describes a radiographic feature with a pattern of fine, faint granularity as it is characteristic for the hyaline-membrane-syndrome. Stages 2 to 4 represent diffuse interstitial emphysema, a bubbly appearance of the lung, atelectasis and a progressive fibrosis. Electronmicroscopic investigations of bronchial imprints could demonstrate a rarefication of the cilia and a ciliary damage which took the form of compound cilia. In addition, a marked increase of goblet cells in the bronchial mucosa as well as a metaplasia of the epithelial cells was present. These findings may be a prerequisite for chronic infections, and perpetuate a cycle which may result in chronic obstructive airway disease. The significance of bronchial and bronchiolar injury in children with BPD is said to be due to IPPV, high inspiratory oxygen concentrations, high fluid intake, vitamin E deficiency or an increased intrapulmonary pressure secondary to a patent ductus arteriosus. When pulmonary mechanics were measured in a baby-body-plethysmograph a high pulmonary resistance and a low dynamic compliance occurred at the first investigation after IPPV or oxygen administration. On re-examination there was a strong tendency to normalisation of x-ray findings and pulmonary mechanics, depending upon the time which elapsed between ventilation and re-examination. Current therapy has to be symptomatic and may include secretolytics, glucocorticoids and bronchodilators. The preventive interventions have to take into consideration ventilation techniques, restrictions in O2 and fluid intake.
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PMID:[Pulmonary dysplasia in infancy. Pathogenesis, pneumologic course studies and therapy possibilities]. 647 97

Inhalation of papain by dogs produced morphological changes corresponding to a centrolobular emphysema. The papain inhalation also induced a purulent catarrhal bronchitis. However, the functional changes seen in chronic obstructive bronchitis were not observed. During papain inhalation an increased sensitivity of the bronchial systems develops corresponding to a tremendous increase in bronchospasm in response to Acetylcholine aerosol. The parenchymal lung tissue in dogs is more vulnerable in developing emphysema after papain exposure than is teh bronchial system in developing a chronic obstructive airway disease.
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PMID:[Proteolytic lung emphysema and obstructive airway disease (author's transl)]. 701 38

Twenty-nine patients (16 males, 13 females) with spontaneous pneumothorax admitted into Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, from September 1984 to September 1990 were reviewed. Their ages ranged from newborn to 75 years. The commonest chief presenting symptom was dyspnoea (69%), followed by chest pain (35%). Four patients had chronic obstructive airway disease, 7 had pneumonia, 2 had pulmonary tuberculosis, one patient had emphysema while 4 patients had multiple underlying lung disorders. The left and right lungs were involved with equal frequency. Bilateral pneumothorax occurred in one patient. Most patients had a single episode of pneumothorax but recurrent pneumothoraces occurred in 3 patients (10%). Six patients were observed conservatively, 20 patients required chest tube insertion alone and 3 patients also required pleurodesis. Death occurred in 8 patients (28%) mainly due to coexisting infection and respiratory failure.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax: a review of 29 admissions into Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia 1984-90. 826 58

It is becoming increasingly clear that obstructive airway disease and early emphysema occur in some drug addicts who intravenously abuse drugs intended for oral use. We report four patients with such a history who had clinical, pathophysiologic, and radiologic evidence of severe obstructive airway disease with hyperinflation. Three patients had bullae. All had radiologic changes of intravenous talc granulomatosis. One patient had moderately severe emphysema at autopsy. The pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain but may involve synergism with cigarette smoke, direct toxic effects of the drug, or induced intravascular leukocyte sequestration causing proteolytic pulmonary injury.
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PMID:Precocious emphysema in intravenous drug abusers. 832 Jul 66


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