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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In spite of the great advances of the antibiotherapy and of the respiratory resuscitation techniques, the staphylococcal pneumonia continues to be one of the most severe bacterial pneumonias of the child, fact which may be explained not only by the poor immunogenic capacity of the infection, but especially by the virulence characteristics of the staphylococcus: necrotizing capacity, toxigenicity (complex), resistance to antibiotics, diffusion capacity of the infection (percontiguum or at distance), resistance to phagocytosis and bacterial lysis etc. The etiology (bacteriology and immunity), the epidemiological data (the disease represents 1/3 of the primitive bacterial pneumonias occurring during the first two years of life), data regarding the pathogenesis and the pathological anatomy are reviewed. The clinical picture, the radiological examination and the laboratory data are extensively analysed, after which the positive diagnosis, based on the correlation of anamnestic, clinical, radiological and bacteriological data, is discussed. Authors point out the contribution of the radiological examination that detects the typical lesions, the aspect of which changes characteristically very rapidly (from day to day), namely: aspect of frank pleurisy (common and very evocative), pyopneumothorax, pneumatocele, excavated staphylomas (abscesses), less frequently mediastinal pneumothorax or emphysema. The clinical differential diagnosis with a number of diseases: suppurative pneumonias, solitary pulmonary cyst, polycystic lung, infected pulmonary sequestration etc., and the radiological differential diagnosis with bilateral diffuse alveolar pulmonary opacities, excavated pulmonary opacities, images under the form of pulmonary "bullae" and "cysts" are discussed. The final part contains a detailed description of the treatment and its basic components: etiological (antibacterial) treatment, treatment by decompression and pleural drainage, resuscitation treatment, as well as of the course, complications and prognosis of staphylococcal pneumonia.
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PMID:[Staphylococcal pneumonia]. 166 2

A case of mediastinitis and left pyopneumothorax complicating a laryngeal phlegmon caused by Candida albicans is described. A 64-year-old woman was admitted complaining of pharyngeal pain, hoarseness, dysphagia, and pain behind the left angle of the mandible. In that hospital, she was diagnosed as having a laryngeal phlegmon. She was known to be diabetic and hypertensive since 54 years of age. After admission, she became dyspneic, and chest X-rays revealed left atelectasis, left pleural effusion and left pneumothorax. After a drain was inserted into the left thoracic cavity, she was transferred to our hospital. Chest X-rays showed widening of the mediastinum, an enlarged cardiac shadow, mediastinal emphysema, left pneumothorax and bilateral pleural effusion. A thoracic CT also showed extensive mediastinal emphysema. On March 19, 1988 we incised the abscess behind the left angle of the mandible and inserted drains into both the mediastinum and left thoracic cavity under general anesthesia. Candidiasis was diagnosed based on culture of pus obtained from the abscess behind the left angle of the mandible. She was treated with antibiotics intravenously and through both drainage tubes for about 1 month. She was cured and discharged after 5 months of hospitalization.
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PMID:[Mediastinitis and left pyopneumothorax complicating a laryngeal phlegmon]. 262 14

Perforation of the piriform fossa is a rare complication of attempted tracheal intubation. The consequences vary from cervical emphysema to respiratory distress, mediastinitis, septic shock, empyema pyopneumothorax and death. The mortality rate due to mediastinitis is over 50%, so early diagnosis and management can improve survival. This case report describes one case and discusses the diagnosis and management of this complication.
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PMID:Piriform fossa perforation during attempted tracheal intubation. 359 78

Since 1982, three patients with esophageal cancer complicated with pulmonary bullae have been treated by operation on the esophagus and lung in one performance: In all the patients, the bullae were on the same side of the operation. The esophageal or cardiac cancer was resected first, then the bulla was treated. The site of esophago-gastric anastomosis was reinforced by the greater omentum. For mid-upper esophageal cancer, cervical anastomosis was done in order to avoid infection or leakage. In the third patient, pyopneumothorax occurred after wedge resection of a large bulla in the right upper lung and the surrounding tissues. The patient survived after timely drainage and medical management. The extent of resection for pulmonary bulla (bulla, segment or lobe) depends on the location, shape, size and number of the bullae and the pathological change in the surrounding tissues. We suggest that the indications: Cardio-pulmonary functions of the patient be stage II or better, even with mild emphysema so as they can tolerate anesthesia and surgery. Pulmonary function can be compensated after the lesion is removed, otherwise it is taken as a contraindication. The one stage removal of two foci makes it possible to avoid postoperative complications.
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PMID:[One stage resection of esophageal cancer and pulmonary bulla--a report of three patients]. 374 55

Kerosene poisoning is a common poisoning in India especially in childhood, and clinical spectrum can range from meager chemical pneumonitis to grave complications such as hypoxia, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and emphysema. Pyopneumothorax that may require aggressive management in the form of thoracotomy has not been reported in literature. We hereby report a 22-year young female who had developed series of respiratory complications including pyopneumothorax following ingestion of kerosene with suicidal intent and was treated successfully.
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PMID:Pyopneumothorax following kerosene poisoning. 2474 45

The article presents the results of 42 video-abscessoscopies (VAS) in acute and gangrenous lung abscess and 32 video-thoracoscopies (VTS) in pyopneumothorax, which were performed using local anesthesia and sedation. There were several indication to operation: sanation of cavities, removal of necrotic sequestration and fibrin, decollement, biopsy. Perioperative complications developed after 11 surgeries (13%): emphysema of soft tissues of pectoral cells (5), phlegmon of the thorax (3), bronchial hemorrhage (2), pneumothorax (1). One of the patients died, because of progressing of main disease. VAS and VTS were carried out in 5-8 days after cavity drainage of abscess or pleural cavity in 50 patients.. In other 15 cases operations were performed directly before drainage. The bronchial hemorrhage and phlegmons of the thorax were noted in patients of second group. The patients had good tolerance of VAS and VTS operations fulfilled using local anesthesia and sedation. They are safe in case that operation follows drainage of abscess or pleural cavity after decrease of inflammatory processes.
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PMID:[VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACIC SURGERY USING LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN LUNG ABSCESSES AND PYOPNEUMOTHORAX]. 2639 May 89