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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present the first reported case of vision loss due to tension orbital emphysema associated with tension pneumocephalus resulting from blunt trauma. In the setting of trauma, intraorbital air indicates paranasal sinus-orbital communication. Tension orbital emphysema may cause vision loss through optic nerve compression, ischemia, or contusion; or central retinal artery occlusion. Vision impairment after craniofacial injury should prompt urgent computed tomography. Tension orbital emphysema with associated vision impairment requires treatment including direct decompression and, in some cases, high-dose steroids to preserve vision. Increases in sinus pressure from coughing, nose-blowing, or vomiting should be avoided until definitive treatment can be instituted.
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PMID:Tension pneumocephalus and tension orbital emphysema following blunt trauma. 883 34

18 patients have been treated in our department for mediastinal emphysema (ME) during last 15 years. Small degree ME was found in 5 cases medium degree ME in 6 cases and in 5 patients tension emphysema was noted. Small degree ME was caused by abdominal and thyroid gland surgery, middle degree ME was recognized after surgical treatment of the mediastinal tumors or after mediastinal traumas. Tension emphysema of the mediastinum was observed in patients artificially ventilated, after blunt chest injuries or in the course of pneumonia. Sometimes it was impossible to establish the cause of ME. Tension emphysema of the mediastinum was usually life-threatening and required decompression.
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PMID:[Mediastinal emphysema]. 892 80

A 15 year old male was an unrestrained passenger in a high speed motor vehicle crash followed by ejection. The patient was noted to have evidence of bilateral pneumothorax upon arrival in the Emergency Department. Bilateral chest tubes were placed under sterile conditions; however, the left pneumothorax remained, and a second left chest tube was placed. Repeat chest radiographs revealed extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium. Needle aspiration of the pericardium returned significant quantities of air, an immediate improvement in blood pressures followed. An 18-gauge triple lumen catheter was placed into the pericardial space for additional withdrawal of air via syringe. Mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of tension pneumopericardium after chest trauma. Early diagnosis is crucial, and may be found on initial chest radiographs. Computed tomography is also an effective method for evaluating the presence of air in the pericardial space and may assist in establishing the diagnosis. Tension pneumopericardium requires immediate recognition and decompression to prevent cardiac tamponade with a fatal circulation collapse, an entity that is as serious as the tamponade resulting from hemopericardium. Traumatic pneumopericardium is rare, but can be a complicated finding associated with high-speed blunt chest trauma. Patients with evidence of pneumopericardium should be closely monitored, particularly those supported by positive pressure ventilation.
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PMID:Adolescent pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum after motor vehicle crash and ejection. 1841 Aug 29

Tension pneumomediastinum is a rare and life-threatening complication of mediastinal emphysema which can occur with mechanical ventilation. We present a case of tension mediastinum associated with mechanical ventilation in a patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. We discuss the mechanism and pathophysiology of tension pneumomediastinum, the potential association with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and recruitment manouvres, and its definitive emergency treatment.
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PMID:Tension pneumomediastinum: A literal form of chest tightness. 2897 37