Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is reported on atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) in 16 mostly Holstein-Frisian calves and feeders from 13 different farms in Schleswig-Holstein in association with an infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). All animals were submitted with identical clinical histories. Macroscopically the lung lesions were characterized by alveolar and interstitial edema and emphysema. Microscopically there was a diffuse interstitial pneumonia with formation of hyaline membranes and multinucleated giant cells. From the investigation material of the 16 animals BRSV was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies in 4 animals from 4 different farms.
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PMID:[Atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) in calves and young cattle in Schleswig-Holstein in conjunction with an infection by the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)]. 265 86

Interstitial pneumonias comprise a significant proportion of cattle respiratory diseases. Known by different names, such as acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPE), fog fever, atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) and cow asthma, the condition seems to occur predominantly in late summer or fall. However, depending on the etiology, cases have occurred throughout the year. Interstitial pneumonia often begins with acute respiratory distress in animals that were clinically normal 12 hr earlier. Animals are observed breathing very rapid and shallow with their mouths open. If disturbed, death may occur rapidly from hypoxia. Causes of interstitial pneumonia are quite varied ranging from parasitic, viral and bacterial to toxic. Toxic agents constitute the most economically important cause of this condition in cattle. The primary toxin is the amino acid L-tryptophan in lush pasture grasses, a compound which is converted to 3-methylindole by rumen microorganisms. Other leading toxic causes of interstitial pneumonia are perilla mint and moldy sweet potatoes. Although treatments are mainly symptomatic and ineffective, preventive measures will reduce the occurrence of interstitial pneumonia. Prevention consists of denying animals exposure to know pneumotoxic agents, eliminating certain rumen microflora that break down the toxic compounds to reactive metabolites, and supplying ample good forage so that cattle will not as likely consume toxic plants.
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PMID:A review of interstitial pneumonia in cattle. 266 72

A 49-year-old woman was admitted in February 1987, with a six-month history of joint pain, maculopapular and erythematous rash, proximal muscle weakness and a two-month history of skin ulceration and dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination showed Gottron's papules on her fingers and a faint heliotrope rash. Biopsy of erythematous skin lesions on the shoulder and the back of the hand revealed perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and tiny ulcerative lesions of the cutaneous tissue. Biopsy of the right quadriceps muscle showed type II fiber atrophy and slight perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, whereas serum CPK level was within normal range. Chest X-ray film showed granular infiltrates in both lower lung fields. Based on the current findings the case was diagnosed as dermatomyositis associated with interstitial pneumonia. The administration of prednisolone, 30 mg/day resulted in the improvement of the skin lesions and muscle weakness, while the intensity of lung infiltrates was little affected. Three months after steroid therapy, the patient was readmitted because of increasing dyspnea on exertion and multiple skin ulcers. Chest X-ray revealed a small amount of gas in the mediastinum, in addition to slight deterioration of interstitial lung disease. In spite of various treatments for pneumomediastinum, including bed rest, administration of analgesics and oxygen inhalation, it developed rapidly, complicated severe subcutaneous emphysema and right-sided pneumothorax. Although high-dose prednisolone therapy and mediastinal drainage were performed, the pneumomediastinum was not resolved and she died from respiratory failure. At autopsy, predominant histological features of the lungs were acute interstitial pneumonia with hyaline membrane and edematous granulation formation in the alveoli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of dermatomyositis which rapidly developed to respiratory failure in the presence of pneumomediastinum]. 268 9

The respirable fraction of an ore dust from the North-West of Western Australia was tested for biological properties by inhalation and intrapleural implantation trials using rats and mice. Pulmonary histology indicated significant levels of interstitial pneumonia occasionally associated with bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and lung collapse over that found in age-matched control animals. While there was a significant increase of the incidence of tumors in general in WAG inbred rats up to 2 years following dust exposure, this did not persist into old age. No mesotheliomas were induced by any treatments associated with iron ore dust, although the rats were shown to be susceptible to crocidolite asbestos-induced mesothelioma. In the mouse models, tumors which are normally seen only in aged animals were induced with a significant number of bronchial adenomas being recorded following intrapleural implantation of dust into inbred BALB/c mice. Leukemia/lymphoma associated with murine leukemia virus was increased following dust inhalation by inbred C57BL mice.
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PMID:Some biological properties of respirable iron ore dust. 303 2

The sequelae of long-term inhalation of carbon dioxide laser smoke on 10 white rats were studied in a three-phase experiment. The fine particulate matter resulting from tissue vaporization was deposited in the animals' alveoli, which produced congestive interstitial pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and emphysema. The pathologic findings induced by laser plume are not dissimilar to those resulting from the long-term inhalation of other types of particulate matter. Use of an efficient smoke evacuator should offer substantial protection against these normal effects.
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PMID:The effects of laser smoke on the lungs of rats. 310 92

Six of 146 patients at our institution developed mediastinal emphysema following marrow transplantation. Five patients were the recipients of marrow from their HLA fully matched sibling donors and one patient had an autologous marrow transplant. Features common to all included single-dose total body irradiation and high-dose systemic adrenocorticosteroids. Five of the patients had clinical and radiological evidence of recent or active interstitial pneumonitis. The clinical implications and possible aetiologies of mediastinal emphysema developing in the post-transplant patient are discussed.
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PMID:Mediastinal emphysema in marrow transplant recipients. 333 78

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia on postnatal bronchiolar and alveolar growth. Neonatal (5-day-old) and weanling (25-day-old) outbred rats were infected with parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus and were studied from 0 to 110 days after inoculation by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, by light microscopic morphometry, and by analysis of airway corrosion casts. Viral infection induced necrotizing bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia in both age groups of rats. Viral infection had a much more marked effect on neonatal rats in the proliferative stage of lung growth than on weanlings in the equilibrated stage of lung growth. Viral infection in neonatal rats resulted in delayed or impaired growth of secondary septa into alveolar saccules. The impaired septal ingrowth was multifocal and predominantly centriacinar in distribution and was associated with alveolar enlargement and significant decreases (14 to 26%, p less than 0.01) in alveolar surface density. Total alveolar surface area in rats inoculated with virus as neonates was 22% lower (p less than 0.05) that that in control animals by 110 days after inoculation. Alveolar septa in these rats inoculated as neonates had enlarged interalveolar pores and defects compatible with mild alveolar emphysema. Airway corrosion casts prepared at 30 and 90 days after neonatal viral inoculation had terminal bronchioles that were 11 and 20% smaller in diameter (p less than 0.02), respectively, than those from age-matched control rats. The density of attachments of alveolar septa to bronchiolar walls in viral-inoculated rats at these times was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). Viral-infected rats had elevated respiratory resistance (p less than 0.005) and decreased dynamic compliance (p less than 0.02) at 39 days after inoculation. The results indicate that viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia during early life in rats induces abnormal alveolar development and bronchiolar hypoplasia that are associated with abnormalities in pulmonary function. Continued postnatal lung growth does not compensate for early virus-induced abnormalities in alveolar and bronchiolar growth.
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PMID:Neonatal viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia induces bronchiolar hypoplasia and alveolar dysplasia in rats. 341 39

Perilla frutescens or purple mint has been associated with atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) for a quarter of a century. The amount and the stage of the plant required to produce AIP have been much debated. A field case in which catastrophic loses occurred in cattle ingesting hay containing purple mint showed that more than the green plants have the capability of producing atypical interstitial pneumonia. In this study, Perilla frutescens produced atypical interstitial pneumonia in three of five calves to which it was given. The amount required to produce the syndrome ranged from 2.3 to 15.5 kg of green seed stage mint and 11.8 kg of mint hay. The toxic syndromes were similar in signs, but quite different in duration. Necropsy examinations showed varied amounts of pulmonary emphysema and edema. Two of the three affected animals' lungs histologically displayed a marked proliferation of Type II pneumocytes. The flowering or seed parts of perilla mint were found by high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis to contain the highest concentration of perilla ketone, considered the most toxic agent involved. This stage of plant growth was also shown to be the most toxic in our calf feeding trial. Calves fed the flowering plant developed the toxic syndrome while those fed earlier plants (collected before seed stage) and late plants (collected after frost) remained asymptomatic. The time of year when perilla reaches the seed stage often corresponds to periods when pasture grass is scarce forcing cattle to consume plants not normally eaten when ample desirable forage is available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intoxication of cattle by Perilla frutescens (purple mint). 377 81

Severe respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection has been identified in dairy cattle in New York State. The cases identified occurred in dairy calves and heifers. The disease was characterized in 4 animals by pathologic changes including interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing bronchiolitis with multinucleated syncytial epithelial cells and interstitial emphysema. BRSV antigen was demonstrated in lung samples or was isolated in tissue culture in all 4 cases. A retrospective survey of 6279 bovine diagnostic accessions between 1977 and 1982 revealed 66 cases of interstitial pneumonia, often with concurrent bronchiolitis. In this 5 year period, only 1 case in 1981 had interstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis with pathologic features consistent with BRSV infection. It is concluded that pathogenic BRSV has entered New York State and that it is contributing to clinical respiratory disease in dairy cattle.
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PMID:Severe respiratory disease in dairy cattle in New York State associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. 405 7

Gross changes in the lungs of Ascaris suum- infected calves consisted of atelectasis and hemorrhagic foci, edema and emphysema, frequently with bullae. Prominent microscopic lung lesions were edema and emphysema of the interlobular septa with large numbers of eosinophils within and around lymphatics, peribronchiolar lymphoid nodules and parasitic granulomas. Many of the microscopic features were consistent with those found in atypical interstitial pneumonia. Changes in the alveoli were atelectasis, the exudation of plasma proteins, mononuclear cells and eosinophils, and alveolar wall thickening. Lesions found later included fibrosis and fetalization of the alveolar walls. Plasma cells and neutrophils were not common. Challenge with Toxocara canis after sensitization with A. suum resulted in the lungs developing a few areas of atelectasis. Migration of T. canis to lungs of calves is slower than A. suum. A. suum larvae were always found in bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli of calves that died. Lesions were observed in the liver but not the kidney of A. suum infected calves; both lung and liver lesions tended to resolve with time.
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PMID:Ascaris suum infection in calves. 3. Pathology. 424 44


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