Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic bronchitis was a disease which attracted much attention in the U.K. in the 1950's. It was classified into three forms known as simple chronic bronchitis, recurrent or mucopurulent bronchitis, and chronic obstructive bronchitis and it was thought that the disease progressed from one form to the next in accordance with their order as listed here. Later, however, it was realized that the disease did not progress according to this order and that chronic bronchitis actually included three kinds of the disease. Furthermore, in the U.K., with the prohibition of the use of coal and the reduction of air pollution and with the decline of infectious disease in child age, recurrent or mucopurulent bronchitis underwent an extreme reduction. Chronic obstructive bronchitis is known to be caused by smoking and is now called chronic bronchitis and emphysema or COPD. Simple chronic bronchitis may in fact be only a simple physical response to smoking. Now in Japan the disease called chronic bronchitis is often recognized when written on receipts for health insurance, but patients of chronic bronchitis as were seen in the U.K. in the 1950's are extremely rare. Diffuse panbronchiolitis is seen in Japan but is a disease not found in the West. Diffuse bronchiectasis and its differentiation become the point of question for this disease. With the effectiveness of erythromycin, we can expect a decline in the number of patients and an improvement in prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic bronchitis and related disorders]. 221 80

The relation of ventilatory impairment and chronic mucus hypersecretion to death from all causes and death from obstructive lung disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma) was studied in 13,756 men and women randomly selected from the general population of the City of Copenhagen. During the 10 year follow up 2288 subjects died. In 164 subjects obstructive lung disease was considered to be an underlying or a contributory cause of death (obstructive lung disease related death); in 73 subjects it was considered to be the underlying cause of death (obstructive lung disease death). Forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1% pred), and the presence of chronic phlegm were used to characterise ventilatory function and chronic mucus hypersecretion respectively. For mortality analysis the proportional hazards regression model of Cox was used; it included age, sex, pack years, inhalation habit, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and the presence or absence of asthma, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus as confounding factors. By comparison with subjects with an FEV1 of 80% pred or more, subjects with an FEV1 below 40% pred had increased risk of dying from all causes (relative risk (RR) = 5.0 for women, 2.7 for men), a higher risk of obstructive lung disease related death (RR = 57 for women, 34 for men), and a higher risk of obstructive lung disease death (RR = 101 for women, 77 for men). Chronic mucus hypersecretion was associated with only a slightly higher risk of death from all causes (RR = 1.1 for women, 1.3 for men). The association between chronic mucus hypersecretion and obstructive lung disease death varied with the level of ventilatory function, being weak in subjects with normal ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 80% pred the RR was 1.2), but more pronounced in subjects with reduced ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 40% pred the RR was 4.2). A similar though statistically non-significant trend was observed with regard to obstructive lung disease related death. This study shows that impaired lung function is very strongly related to total mortality, obstructive lung disease related mortality, and obstructive lung disease mortality and suggests that chronic mucus hypersecretion, in those with impaired ventilatory function, is also a significant risk factor for death from obstructive lung disease.
 ...
PMID:Relation of ventilatory impairment and of chronic mucus hypersecretion to mortality from obstructive lung disease and from all causes. 240 19