Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There were 34 episodes of pneumothorax out of 400 episodes of COPD (i.e. 8.5% of the total) among patients who were admitted to Chulalongkorn Hospital during the period 1982 to 1986; the episodes of pneumothorax occurred among 22 males and one female, with the average age on admission being 64.0 +/- 8.5 years. All patients had a long history of smoking (average 40 years) with a history of recurrent pneumothorax (47.8%) and two episodes of pneumothorax per patient. Since only about one third of our patients had chest pain or positive signs of pneumothorax on physical examination, the possibility of pneumothorax should be considered in every patient who develops sudden and increasing shortness of breath, especially during mechanical ventilation, or even in association with other obvious precipitating factors, e.g. URI. With regard to complications, there were eight, four, two, two and five episodes of severe respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation, tension pneumothorax, bilateral simultaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema, and plural effusion, respectively. The death rate was 23.5 per cent. Patients who had a pneumothorax requiring assisted ventilation or who developed a pneumothorax during assisted ventilation had a grave prognosis because of multiple complications from mechanical ventilation. Two episodes with minimal pneumothoraxes achieved re-expansion after conservative treatment. The treatment required 3.3 days for the lung to fully expand, 9.6 days when the air-leak stopped and the duration of tube drainage was 10.8 days. Our study indicates that the longer the duration of lung collapse the longer the time required for re-expansion of the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 140 43

The clinical hallmarks of asthma are wheezing and reversibility. Any disease that impairs air flow through obstructed airways may cause wheezing. Patients with true asthma may give a history of allergy and past attacks of dyspnea and wheezing occurring when exposed to allergens, inhaled irritants, upper respiratory infection, cold and humid air, exercise, and emotional stress. When encountering a wheezing dyspneic patient who does not report such a history, it behooves the physician to entertain the possibility that the patient may have a disease other than asthma. Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cardiogenic pulmonary edema pulmonary emboli, aspiration of gastric contents, and upper airway obstruction are the common causes of nonasthmatic wheezing. In almost every instance a wide spectrum of easily obtainable data, particularly historical, are available to alert the physician that the patient's dyspnea and wheezing are not due to asthma. Laboratory data are also readily available to buttress the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of asthma. 176 18

A 70-year-old woman with an upper respiratory infection sustained an orbital floor fracture after vigorous nose blowing. The injury was complicated by orbital emphysema and cellulitis. CT scanning confirmed orbital floor fracture and associated orbital soft tissue herniation into the maxillary antrum. A follow-up sinus endoscopy three months later showed a healed periosteum and mucosa, but continued orbital herniation. As the patient's symptoms had largely resolved, repair was averted. Follow-up after nine months showed no recurrence of orbital swelling. The case presented illustrates a rare complication of vigorous nose blowing, coupled with thinning of the sinus walls seen in aging.
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PMID:Orbital floor fracture following nose blowing. 872 Oct 22

We present a case of persistent spontaneous pneumomediastinum precipitated by an upper respiratory infection in a patient with interstitial fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis who was receiving chronic corticosteroid treatment. The persistent nature of the mediastinal emphysema over 2 months eventually required treatment with high concentrations of inhaled oxygen that resulted in rapid resolution of the pneumomediastinum without recurrence over 6 months of follow-up. This case, along with others in the medical literature, emphasizes the need for early use of high-concentration inhaled oxygen in the treatment of pneumomediastinum in high-risk patients, such as those with connective tissue disorders.
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PMID:Persistent pneumomediastinum in interstitial fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: treatment with high-concentration oxygen. 1085 24

Orbital floor fracture due to vigorous nose blowing in the absence of mechanical trauma is rare, only four cases having previously been reported. In each of these cases, predisposing factors have been identified; preceding URTI in three and a history of sino-nasal surgery in the fourth case. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman who developed a maxillary sinus fracture and orbital emphysema after blowing her nose.
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PMID:Blowout fracture of the orbital floor secondary to vigorous nose blowing. 2300 87

Parapharyngeal abscess is a life-threatening disease. Upper respiratory tract infection is the main cause in children. We present a 15-month-old boy admitted to the emergency ward with the chief complaint of difficulty in breathing caused by parapharyngealabscess. His condition deteriorated gradually, and he transferred to the operation theater quickly for abscess drainage and because of the difficulty in orotracheal intubation; a tracheostomy was performed. His respiratory condition deteriorated 2 days after PICU admission, and the medical team noticed an unexplainable respiratory distress. A chest x ray obtained and showed a right side pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema around theneck area. The case presented here, had not been diagnosed at the first examination; however, there were enough clinical clues (such as respiratory distress, drooling, torticollis, bulging of theneck, previous viral respiratory infection, possible pharyngeal trauma). The story of this case reminds us the importance of the precise physical exam and history taking which could be life-saving.
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PMID:A 15-Month-Old Boy With Respiratory Distress and Parapharyngeal Abscess: A Case Report. 2812 May 94