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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary function in 25 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis was studied by three different methods: clinical, as related to the presence or absence of dispnea; response to corticoid treatment, and roentgenologic stage. A total of 60 examination were made on the 25 patients. Each examination included: pulmonary volume (vital capacity and RV/CT coefficient), ventilatory mechanics (elastance, resistance, critical flow, and specific conductance), and gas exchange (DCO/VA and (A-a) O2). The following results were obtained from statistical evaluation of the mean values compared with normal values: 1) patients with dyspnea showed a greater pulmonary elastance and (A-a) O2 than normal; 2) treatment with corticoids only produces an improvement in the diffusion capacity in respect to the total volume (DCO/VT); 3) examinations corresponding to the three different roentgenologic stages varied only in pulmonary volume and only when stage III was compared with stages I and II; 4) the terminal stage of the disease is physiologically similar to the typical pattern of emphysema.
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PMID:[Comparative functional study of 25 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. 47 Apr 87

Mediastinal emphysema developed in a 13-year-old boy with diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease, later proved to be sarcoid. No previous report was found.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis and mediastinal emphysema. 64 49

Active pulmonary granulomatosis due to sarcoidosis in stage I is characterized on chest films by well-defined enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. In stage II a involved lymph nodes decrease in size. Interstitial infiltration causes ill-defined broadening of vessels and bronchi. Focal infiltrates correspond to just detectable or nodular lung shadows of up to several centimeters in size. Active granulomatosis is demonstrated by Gallium-67-scans in lymph nodes as well as in areas of interstitial and focal pulmonary infiltrates. Following spontaneous or therapeutically induced regression of granulomatosis the abnormal uptake is not seen anymore. X-ray findings of fibrosis include partial shrinkage of pulmonary lobes or segments along with displacement of vessels and bronchi and (fibrous) adhesions of interlobar, parietal and mediastinal pleura. Honeycombed, occasionally bullous emphysema are the most reliable findings suggesting fibrosis. In addition to the fibrosis demonstrated on chest films, the Gallium-67-scan often shows progressive granulomatosis. So stage III disease is often (almost regularly) associated with stage II disease. Such cases still need further treatment.
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PMID:[Basic differentiation of granulomatosis and fibrosis in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. 84 22

In a Zurich autopsy study comprising 7947 adults (over 20-year-olds), cor pulmonale was diagnosed in 8.9% (709 cases). In more than half of the cases the cor pulmonale was caused by lung diseases associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema or with fibrosis of the lung. In 7 cases recurrent thromboembolism was the sole cause of cor pulmonale, whereas in 103 cases additional lung diseases were involved. 7 cases could be attributed to primary pulmonary hypertension. Cor pulmonale is, as a rule, the result of multiple lung conditions. The lesions of pulmonary vessels in cor pulmonale are produced either by parenchymatous lung changes (such as pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis, etc.) or by pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:[Pathologic anatomy of cor pulmonale. Results of autopsies]. 85 27

Six pathophysiologic mechanisms of a reduced single breath CO diffusing capacity are discussed and the usefulness of relating carbon monoxide (CO) uptake to the functioning alveolar volume (DL/VA, specific diffusing capacity) is illustrated for several pulmonary diseases. In patients with emphysema and pulmonary emboli (pulmonary vascular occlusive disease), reduced CO uptake is associated with significantly reduced DL/VA and is compatible with reduction of pulmonary capillary bed. In patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, improvement in CO uptake and DL/VA follows lung lavage and suggests that lung units partially filled with proteinaceous material are responsible for hypoxemia, reduced CO uptake and reduced DL/VA. In most cases of radiation fibrosis, sarcoidosis and miscellaneous interstitial fibrosis, reduced CO uptake is associated with a normal DL/VA and suggests that loss of alveolar units, both capillaries and alveoli, has occurred. New regression equations for DL and DL/VA are established for children and adults. DL/VA is linearly related to height and independent of age and sex, while different predictive equations must be used for DL for the 5 through 17 and 18 through 76 age groups. The new regression equations for DL show better correlation in adults we studied over 50 years of age than previous regression equations which use a constant reduction of 2 to 3 ml CO per minute per mm of mercury for each 10 years of adult aging.
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PMID:Diffusing capacity, specific diffusing capacity and interpretation of diffusion defects. 119 78

Seven single lung transplants are reported. The patients were severely disabled and oxygen dependent below sixty years of age with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis were alfa 1-antitrypsin deficiency (3), sarcoidosis (3) and idiopathic emphysema (1). Multiorgan-harvesting including six hearts, was performed in local or distant hospitals (3). Partial cardiopulmonary bypass simplified transplantation. The surgical procedure was modified with a direct transpericardial approach. Soft tissue wrapping by a vascularized pedicle secured the bronchial anastomosis. The four drug immunosuppressive regimen included cyclosporin A, azathioprine, steroids and antithymocyte globulin. Primary graft function was excellent. Six patients survived the postoperative period and are alive 5-19 months post transplant. Transbronchial biopsies and lung function studies have been helpful in detecting pulmonary rejections. Patient rehabilitation is satisfactory in most patients with improvement in physiologic parameters.
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PMID:Single lung transplantation. Surgical experiences with the first seven patients. 128 30

To examine whether alteration of 7S collagen in the alveolar basement membrane is related to the condition and prognosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases (idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: IIP, collagen vascular diseases, sarcoidosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis), we measured serum 7S collagen levels in 123 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease and other lung diseases. Patients with diffuse lung diseases (diffuse interstitial lung disease, pulmonary emphysema, and diffuse panbronchiolitis: DPB) showed significantly higher serum levels of 7S collagen than healthy normal controls. Serum 7S collagen levels in IIP and collagen vascular diseases were significantly higher than those in pulmonary emphysema and DPB. In cases of IIP, serum 7S collagen levels in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the inactive stage. Furthermore, the prognosis of patients with higher serum 7S collagen levels was significantly poorer than those of patients with lower serum 7S collagen levels. In infectious pulmonary diseases, serum 7S collagen levels of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were significantly higher than those of patients without ARDS. Autopsy specimens obtained from patients with positive serum 7S collagen showed diffuse alveolar damage and/or diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage in the alveolar areas. Immunohistochemical staining for 7S collagen showed disruption and/or loss of the alveolar basement membrane. The authors conclude that serum level of 7S collagen is useful for estimating the activity of diffuse interstitial lung diseases as an index of the destruction of alveolar structure.
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PMID:[Serum 7S collagen levels in diffuse interstitial lung diseases--an index of the destruction of alveolar structure]. 128 29

A large number of different pulmonary diseases eventually result in producing the final morphological pattern of pulmonary fibrosis. Basing on essential cardiopulmonary functional parameters, four relatively frequently encountered fibrotic pulmonary diseases are compared with each other. Patients suffering from bird breeder's lung show typical obstructive disturbances of ventilation that are even more marked in collagenoses with lung involvement. Patients suffering from electric welder's lung are notable for enhanced respiratory tract obstructions and increased residual volumes. In patients with sarcoidosis it is recommended to determine, above all, the lung compliance besides measuring the diffusion capacity. The specific compliance should be chosen as criterion to assess the compliance, so that the preliminary extension of the lung by emphysema is taken into consideration. Welder's lungs, bird breeder's lungs and collagenoses show a load-conditioned respiratory partial insufficiency and a latent pulmonary hypertonia. The examined groups of patients showed similar functional patterns, but individual parameters were disease-specifically considerably different from standard values.
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PMID:[Cardiopulmonary function disorders in pulmonary fibrosis of various etiology]. 154 56

High-resolution CT (HRCT) scans were performed on 156 patients, using a bone-reconstruction algorithm, 1.5 collimation at 4 cm intervals from apex to base of the lungs and a 512 x 512 matrix. The patients appeared to have a pathologic condition on chest film, or else they presented positive clinical symptoms--i.e., cough, dyspnea, fever--and questionable/negative chest films. Since HRCT is capable of showing the secondary lobule, we employed it to study both its anatomy and the alterations that can modify its normal morphology--i.e., thickening of interlobular septa, reticular pattern, nodular pattern, high-density areas, sub-pleural lines, honeycomb pattern. HRCT findings in secondary lobules, airways, and pleura were examined. They were: lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, interstitial edema, phlogosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and bullae. Even though some limitations still exist due to the aspecificity of HRCT findings, the latter is the best method currently available to recognize and locate interstitial conditions and, sometimes, to make a diagnosis--e.g., of lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, interstitial edema, fibrosis, emphysema, bronchiectasis. Moreover, HRCT can accurately locate pathologic areas for lung biopsy and can be used instead of chest radiographs in the follow-up.
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PMID:[High-definition computed tomography in the study of the pulmonary parenchyma. The author's own experience]. 155 47

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) in the detection of interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, FCR life-size images at a pixel size of 0.1 mm were compared with conventional radiographs taken on the same day. Seventeen radiologists assessed the radiographs and FCR images of 56 cases, including 39 cases of various interstitial lung diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary abnormalities associated with collagen disease, sarcoidosis, multiple pulmonary metastases, diffuse panbronchiolitis and pulmonary emphysema, and 17 normal controls. All of the pulmonary abnormalities were confirmed by high resolution CT. Observer performance tests were carried out using receiver operating characteristic analysis. In 21 cases of increased pulmonary density revealed by high resolution CT, FCR was significantly superior to conventional radiographs in the detection of reticular or linear shadows. In 11 cases of subtle interstitial abnormalities, there was no difference between FCR and conventional radiographs in the detection of any pulmonary abnormality, ground-glass opacities and reticular or linear shadows. There was also no difference between the two images in the detection of diffuse nodular shadow and pulmonary emphysema. These results indicate that FCR life-size images at a pixel size of 0.1 mm are useful for the detection of diffuse interstitial lung diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of life size image of Fuji computed radiography for detection of diffuse interstitial lung diseases]. 176 24


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