Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author questions the conventional assumption that the pneumoperitoneum must be established before insertion of the laparoscope and its trocar. Complications commonly associated with establishment of a needle-induced pneumoperitoneum include subcutaneous emphysema, blood vessel penetration, retroperitoneal emphysema, bowel distention, overdistention, gas embolism, and omental emphysema. This paper summarizes the author's experience with 301 outpatient laparoscopies performed in 1976-77 using the method of direct trocar insertion without prior pneumoperitoneum. The process of pneumoperitoneum was visualized directly through the Needlescope. 54 cases were performed under general anesthesia and 247 under local anesthesia. Complications were encountered in only 3 cases (1 uterine perforation and 2 cases requiring postoperative hospitalization for nausea and vomiting). There were no cases of technical failure. Comparison of recovery times for 250 consecutive patients treated without preliminary pneumoperitoneum and 117 patients treated with the conventional technique indicated that the recovery time was 19 minutes shorter on average in the former group because of a lessened degree of postoperative discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Although further research is necessary to confirm the findings in this series, it seems plausible to suggest that a reduction of complications associated with needle-induced pneumoperitoneum may be possible with this technique.
 ...
PMID:Direct laparoscope trocar insertion without prior pneumoperitoneum. 15 Nov 44

The prolonged exposure to formaldehyde induces in the rabbit lung reactional and dystrophic changes involving the intrapulmonary bronchi, the bronchioli and the lung tissue. These changes are represented by bronchial cell hyperplasia with hypermucigenesis, extrusion of bronchial cells, bronchiolar hypermucigenesis, parcellary squamous metaplasia or necrobiosis of epithelia, thickening of bronchial and bronchiolar walls by subepithelial cell accumulations, destruction of musculo-elastic structures with stenosis or ectasia; the vascular reactions are hyperhaemic and proliferative with an obstructive and fibrous tendency; the parenchymal lesions are atelectasias, intralobular emphysema, and cellular thickening of alveolar walls and interlobular areas. The acid phosphatase, Tween-60-esterase, naphthol-AS-D-acetate-esterase, proline-oxidase and hydroxyproline-2-epimerase activities are increasing, while the leucyl-aminopeptidase and beta-glucuronidase ones are decreasing. The qualitative observations are completed and sustained by quanitative studies of mucous cell kinetics, of cell accumulations and differentiations.
 ...
PMID:Experimental chronic obstructive lung disease. I. Bronchopulmonary changes induced in rabbits by prolonged exposure to formaldehyde. 15 Dec 23

The case history of a patient with subcutaneous emphysema of the abdomen from sigmoid diverticulitis is presented. The mechanisms for developing abdominal wall emphysema are reviewed. Thus when the gas originates from the gastrointestinal tract, mechanical factors are mainly responsible for this phenomenon. These inculde a direct communication through a colonocutaneous fistula. Gas may, however, also be spread into the abdominal wall by high intraintestinal pressures. Infection with gas-producing organisms may be associated with subcutaneous emphysema. This is particularly true when the emphysema develops 48 h or longer after onset of symptoms. Infection, however, is not the major cause for gas in these tissues.
 ...
PMID:Subcutaneous emphysema of the abdominal wall from diverticulitis with necrotizing fasciitis. 15 70

The effect of ipratropium (Atrovent) 0.125 mg x 4 daily was compared to terbutalin (Bricanyl) 5 mg x 4 daily, given to 19 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (15 with chronic bronchitis, 10 bronchial asthma, 7 pulmonary emphysema) as inhalation therapy with Monaghan IPPB-M 515, during 2 treatment periods of 3 days. The investigation was carried out as a controlled, double-blind, cross-over comparison. The effect of treatment was evaluated by measurement of PEFR, symptom scores, including the side-effects and the use of rimiterol MDI for the treatment of acute attacks. The PEFR values were all higher than the initial values (P less than 0.001) during the period of treatment (08.00-20,30 hrs). The highest values were recorded at 16.30 hrs, these were PEFR + 31.7% for the Atrovent period and PEFR + 28.0% for the Bricanyl period. No statistically significant difference was observed in the PEFR, symptom scores, side-effects and the use of rimiterol during the Atrovent and Bricanyl treatment periods. The authors suggest that Atrovent is a wellsuited alternative bronchodilatator, particularly for patients with tremor, muscle cramp, and "inner restlessness" following treatment with a beta 2-stimulator.
 ...
PMID:A comparative study of the bronchodilatating effects of ipratropium and terbutalin inhaled with Monaghan IPPB-M 515 by 19 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. 15 95

Twenty-one patients with severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema (FEV1 less than 1 1) inhaled 80 microgram of the atropine-like agent ipratropium or placebo in a double-blind study and three hours later inhaled 200 microgram salbutamol. After 80 microgram ipratropium, mean FEV1 was significantly greater than after 200 microgram salbutamol (P less than 0.025), but the difference was only 40 ml and the clinical significance of this difference is unproved. There was no correlation between the patient's response to ipratropium and the response to salbutamol. When salbutamol was administered three hours after ipratropium, the FEV1 rose to higher levels than after either agent alone (P less than 0.01). Studies breathing 80% helium/20% oxygen suggest that ipratropium dilates both large and small airways. There was no correlation between the response to helium/oxygen and the response to either bronchodilator. The results suggest that in severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema ipratropium is at least as effective as salbutamol, and that such patients should have reversibility studies with salbutamol alone, ipratropium alone, and after both agents together. The combination of ipratropium and salbutamol may be clinically useful.
 ...
PMID:Bronchodilatation and the site of airway resistance in severe chronic bronchitis. 15 91

The effect of 3'-chloro-2'-(N-methyl-N-[(morpholino-carbonyl)methyl]-aminomethyl)-benzanilide hydrochloride (fominoben HCl, P-B 89 Cl, Noleptan) on the global and membrane diffusion capacities and on the capillary blood volume in patients with emphysematous bronchitis is described. All 3 parameters, independent of the severity of the emphysema and the resulting respiratory insufficiency, are increased. It can thus be concluded that fominoben by improving the ventilation-perfusion ratio leads to an enlargement of the active diffusion surface (capillary surface), from which the increase in the global diffusion capacity results. The site of action of fominoben for its positive effect on respiration is thus established as being in the alveoli.
 ...
PMID:[Measurement of global diffusion capacity for CO, membrane diffusion capacity for CO and capillary blood volume in patients with bronchial emphysema after fominoben HCl. Short- and long-time trials (author's transl)]. 15 31

The clinical, parasitological and pathological findings in a group of six donkeys naturally infected with D arnfieldi larvae are described. One animal had to be sacrificed at an early date because it developed pneumonia. The remaining five were unthrifty, showed mild clinical respiratory signs and had heavy strongyle infections. They had varying numbers of adult worms in the airways of the lungs and eggs were found coiled up in the smaller bronchi where they had apparently lead to an obstruction to airflow in that segment. The most striking gross pathological changes were circular discrete areas of over-inflation surrounding such bronchi. Histologically the infected bronchi exhibited a marked bronchiolitis with goblet cell hyperplasia and a mainly lymphoid inflammatory infiltrate. These areas also showed a localised bronchiolitus and overinflated alveolar tissue although true emphysema was not present. It is postulated that the parasite is well-adapted to its host and is able to survive for long periods within the lung without causing a debilitating amount of damage to the host. The immunological aspects of the infection are discussed briefly.
 ...
PMID:Lungworm: (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) infection in donkeys. 15 90

A 66-year-old patient developed a retropneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum after a proctoscopy. Following the examination, which was done as an out patient, he had some pain but was able to reach home without difficulty. Radiography of the abdomen on the next day showed definite gas collection round the right kidney and below the middle of the diaphragm. The mediastinum showed some translucencies consistent with cranial spread of air from the retropneumoperitoneum; it was particularly marked round the aorta. The film also showed supraclavicular emphysema. After being placed supine the patient's symptoms rapidly disappeared. There were no complications and no treatment was necessary. The case is discussed in relation to the relevant literature.
 ...
PMID:[Retropneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum following proctoscopy (author's transl)]. 15 32

There have been no published reports of pneumopericardium complicating laparoscopy. Following an apparently uncomplicated laparoscopy, a 35-year-old woman developed pneumopericardium associated with subcutaneous emphysema of the neck. This resolved without specific therapy and without sequelae.
 ...
PMID:Pneumopericardium following laparoscopy. 15 60

It is well known that incidence of chronic obstructive lung disease in adult patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) is high. Adult carriers of this genetic trait with cirrhosis of the liver, and also with fibrosis of the liver and hepatoma, have been reported. A causal relationship between ATD and liver lesions has been suspected. In most cases liver disease has been recognized at post morten, - in a few cases, however, intra vitam, when severe symptoms of the liver disease had become apparent. The case of a 59 year-old patient is reported with PIZZ-homozygous ATD, moderate pulmonary emphysema and with marked portal fibrosis and focal transition in cirrhosis of the liver without any sequelae. The clinical course has been rather benign so far.
 ...
PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, liver cirrhosis and pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. 16 Apr 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>