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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experiments on 105 white rats using histological, histochemical, and morphometric methods the state of the lungs following daily "rises" in a pressure chamber to the "hight" of 5000--9000 m at verious time intervals--from 1 day to 9 weeks was studied. In 18 animals "ascents" were preceded by sinistral pulmonectomy. In parallel, the heart was investigated by the method of separate weighing. At initial stages changes in the lungs were characterized predominantly by impairment of the blood- and lymphocirculation. Subsequently, disorders of the microcirculation were observed to diminish and compensatory-hypertrophic changes in the lung tissue and vessels were noted. As the effect of hypoxia continued, sclerotic processes appeared, and extensive focal emphysema developed. These changes were manifested in a greater degree and appeared sooner with an increase in the extent of rarification of the atmosphere. Possibilities for adaptation to hypoxia in animals with the one lung were considerably lower as compared with normal ones. Hypercapnia produced an effect similar to that of hypoxia, making its influence on the structural elements of the lungs graver. Prolonged hypoxia led to hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart; the main factor in development of which the authors considered the elevation of the tonus and subsequent structural rearrangement of small vessels in the form of myoelastosis and myoelastofibrosis of the walls with narrowing of the lumen.
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PMID:[Changes in the lungs and the mass of the right ventricle of the heart in chronic hypoxia (experimental-morphological study)]. 12 41

The fraction of crude glycosaminoglycans was prepared from an emphysematous lung by means of proteolytic digestion, precipitation with ethanol and fractionation with CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride). The above fraction of crude glycosaminoglycans was then subjected to chromatography with a column of Dowex-1. Individual glycosaminoglycan species was identified based on the results of electrophoresis and on those of incubation with specific mucopolysaccharide-lyases. As a result, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate A (C), dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were detected. Quantitation of individual glycosaminoglycan species revealed that the ratio to total glycosaminoglycan of hyaluronic acid was smaller in the emphysematous than in the normal lung. The significance which can be attributed to the change in quantity of glycosaminoglycan of the lung was discussed in relation to pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema.
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PMID:[A study on glycosaminoglycans in a case of pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. 13 17

This investigation focuses on the effect of vocational rehabilitation on persons with chronic disabilities who have epilepsy, heart disease, spinal cord injury, arthritis, or emphysema. A thesis is proposed that such rehabilitants might be more vulnerable to unemployment than others, and it is also hypothesized that this frequently would be related to health care utilization. The study comprised 338 former clients of the State Rehabilitation Agency who had their cases successfully closed in the two-year period immediately prior to this study. All persons were sent a 12-page questionnaire dealing with matters of health, employment, social support, demography, medical economics, expressed needs, and relationship with the rehabilitation agency. Two-thirds (N = 213) of the clients responded. In addition, supplemental information was volunteered substantially by narrative and telephone. The primary thesis of the project was sustained; 43.7% were either unemployed or working less than full time six months after rehabilitation. However, few of the respondents reported having difficulties with health care utilization or availability. We propose a different rehabilitation services model to meet the needs of such clients. It should accentuate better diagnosis, careful selection of objectives, adequate vocational preparation, health care advisement, and more extensive job follow-up.
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PMID:Health care utilization by persons with chronic disabilities who have been vocationally rehabilitated. 13 50

In 22 chronic bronchitics with or without emphysema, the authors measured regional pulmonary perfusion in the supine position and calculated the ratios of radio-active tracer (131I-MAA) concentrations in the lung apices and bases (U/L ratio). This ratio was found to be normal in the right lung and tendentially high (though not to a statistically significant degree) in the left lung, this being probably due to the presence of an enlarged heart (13 patients showed evidence of right ventricle hypertrophy and/or overload). The correlation between the U/L ratio and functional impairment of respiration expressed spirometrically failed to reach statistical significance and the same was true of the correlation between the U/L ratio and mean pulmonary arterial pressure at rest.
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PMID:Regional lung perfusion and pulmonary artery pressure in chronic obstructive lung disease. 13 88

In men 40 or more years of age at death, the upper limits of normal (means plus 2 SD) cardiac ventricular weights were 69 g for the right ventricle and 203 g for the left ventricle plus septum. Right ventricular thickness, as usually determined at autopsy, was a relatively poor index of hypertrophy. When one ventricle hypertrophies as a result of stress, the other tends to enlarge simultaneously, even if no stress on it has been evident. Right ventricular weight correlated positively, although not strongly, with severity of emphysema and with the severity of clinical chronic airway obstruction. Correlations between right ventricular weight and pathologic changes in the airways were weak or absent, except that subjects with abnormal large airways, but normal small airways, showed improved correlation between severity of emphysema and right ventricular hypertrophy, compared with the entire series. There was no correlation between left ventricular weight and severity of emphysema. The electrocardiogram was very reliable in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy (corpulmonale) due to chronic airway obstruction; the chest roentgenogram was somewhat less sensitive in this regard.
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PMID:The right ventricle in chronic airway obstruction: a clinicopathologic study. 13 85

Peripheric circulatory disturbances and acrocyanosis in Moselle vinedressers injured by arsenic. During the years 1972--1975 a total number of 100 vine-dressers came for medical treatment because of late injures caused by arsenic intoxication. That is an average of 400 examinations per year 1600 control examinations within four years. These patients belonged to the age-classes 1890--1923, and the average time of exposure to arsenic was 20 years. After years of being exposed to arsenic, and even years after the exposure to it has stopped, there are those so-called late injures caused by arsenic. There are typical arsenic melanisms on the forehad-temple-rim where the hair begins to grow, on the nape of the neck, on the shoulders, chest, arms, and on the back of the hands which pass into precanceroses and carcinomas. The average time until the first late injuries caused by arsenic occur is 26 years. However, there have been latence periods of up to 50 years. This depends mainly on the amount of arsenic absorbed during the time. There are skin alterations which resemble very much an acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Herxheimer. Histological examinations rather showed the symptoms of an endangiitis obliterans with atrophy of the cutis. These symptoms were found in 60--70% of the 50--60 years old patients, in 80--90% of the 60--70 years old patients, and in 90--95% of the 70--80 years old patients. Simultaneously there are distinct peripheric circulatory disturbances, cyanosis of the lips, dyspnoea, and an emphysema together with typical cardiac insufficiency. Foot and finger pulse are distinctly slower, and the temperature of the skin is remarkably lower. While people grow older the cyanosis gets worse. With a control group of patients who hadn't been exposed to arsenic these symptoms had only been found on 1--2%.
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PMID:[Peripheral circulatory disorders and acrocyanosis in arsenic exposed Moselle wine-growers]. 13 69

The immunological aspects of allergic disorders of the lung (Type I-IV by Gell and Coombs, drug hypersensitivity, auto-immune diseases) and non-allergic lung diseases (emphysema in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, bronchial carcinoma) are described. The short review is closed with remarks about the immunological defence in the bronchial mucosa.
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PMID:[Immunological aspects in lung diseases (author's transl)]. 13 14

There's no doubt that chronic obstructive lung disease can have a disastrous impact on the heart's right ventricle--often producing hypertrophy or even failure--but its effects on the left ventricle are less clear. Some researchers speculate that disease of the right ventricle leads to disease of the left, while others consider the lung disease itself to be the more likely mechanism. Ordinarily, the left ventricle holds up well, even in far-advanced emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Recognizing the cases that do occur is important, however, since only minimal left ventricular failure can seriously compromise respiratory function. Treatment is the same as for left ventricular failure of any cause, but special precautions should be observed, particularly in prescribing diuretics. If frank pulmonary edema supervenes, mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen are necessary.
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PMID:The left ventricle in emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 13 13

Laparoscopic sterilizations were performed in 1000 women from 1970 to 1975 with insignificant complications. After appropriate history taking, counseling, and clinical testing, surgery was performed either on an inpatient or outpatient basis using general or local infilatration anesthesia. A total of 550 hospital records randomly selected were analyzed using the McBee indexing system regarding age, race, parity, marital status, and other information. Minor and major complications were defined. General anesthetic was used in 95% of surgery. Arrhythmia (1), emphysema (2), bleeding and hematoma (1), and wound infection (1) were complications using the 2-incision technique in 50 patients. Using the 1-incision technique in 500 patients, complications were arrhythmia (2), emphysema (2), bleeding (2), and wound infection (3). The single-incision push-pull technique is a relatively simple and highly effective method with a negligible morbidity rate when performed by those with specialized and intensive training.
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PMID:Tubal sterilization by laparoscopy. Five-year experience in university hospital. 13 34

Studies have been carried out to determine the possible physiological effects of contact with carbon black made by the thermal process. Contact was made by ingestion, skin application and/or inhalation. Ingestion and/or skin application do not appear to lead to any changes from the normal. Inhalation exposures do not produce pulmonary function changes (antemortem or postmortem studies) but may lead to moderate to severe "perifocal" emphysema in Rhesus monkeys (not observed in guinea pigs). Inhalation studies also suggest right ventricular septal and to a degree, left ventricular hypertrophy in Rhesus monkeys as an effect. Additional studies are necessary to support these finding and consideration must be given to the variability among exposed subjects as compared to controls.
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PMID:Properties and physiological effects of thermal carbon black. 13 3


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