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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of colonoscopic polypectomy complicated by perforation, pneumoperitoneum, bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema is presented. The anatomic basis for the various clinical presentations of extraluminal air following colonoscopy as well as the option of conservative therapy of select cases of perforation is discussed.
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PMID:Colon perforation, bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema complicating endoscopic polypectomy: anatomic and management considerations. 875 74

The objective of this study was to examine the presentation and clinical course of patients with asthma and pneumomediastinum (PNMD). A retrospective chart review was performed from a computer-generated list of all patients discharged from an urban children's hospital between 1981 and 1991 with the diagnoses of asthma and PNMD. Thirty cases and 30 controls with asthma, matched for age and sex, were identified. The incidence of PNMD and asthma was 0.3%. Mean age was 11.8 years with a male:female ratio of 1.15:1. Chest pain was reported in 27% of patients and 13% of controls (P = 0.17). There was no difference in presenting respiratory rate, heart rate, or systolic blood pressure between cases and controls, nor was there a difference in respiratory distress by modified Wood-Downes scale. Fifty percent of patients had room air oxygen saturation measured at presentation. There was a significant difference in mean oxygen saturation between those with PNMD and those without (90.4 vs 94.1 %; P = 0.03). Subcutaneous emphysema was detected in 73% of cases versus none in controls (P < 0.001; positive predictive value (PPV) = 100%). Sixty-seven percent of patients with PNMD had repeat radiographs during hospitalization. Of these x-rays, 85% showed no change in, improvement, or complete resolution of the PNMD. Three patients (15%) developed a small increase in the PNMD. No patient developed pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, or deterioration in cardiovascular status. PNMD is a rare complication of asthma. Subcutaneous emphysema was the most useful predictor of PNMD in asthma. Chest pain and diminished oxygen saturation should heighten suspicion. Further complications of PNMD were exceedingly rare, and all patients recovered uneventfully, suggesting that attention to excellent treatment for the acute exacerbation may be sufficient in most instances of PNMD.
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PMID:Pneumomediastinum in childhood asthma. 885 17

Laparoscopic surgery is very popular among physicians and patients because this technique is associated with safety, shorter hospital stay, early return to normal activity, and cosmetic acceptance of the operative scar. Although the procedure involves minimal invasion and tissue damage, it has potentially serious complications, including cardiopulmonary effects that result mainly from hypercarbia and raised intraabdominal pressure caused by pneumoperitoneum. Absorbed carbon dioxide from the peritoneal cavity tends to cause acidosis. Leakage of the gas into tissue spaces may induce subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. Cardiac effects include arrhythmias, hypotension, cardiac arrest, gas embolism, pulmonary edema, and myocardial ischemia or infarction. Some of these effects, though rare, are serious and potentially fatal. Physicians should anticipate these problems in their patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures. This review discusses the technique of and physiologic considerations in laparoscopic surgery as well as its potential complications.
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PMID:Laparoscopic surgery and its potential for medical complications. 901 21

Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema have been described as complications of laparoscopy. This study evaluates the incidence and significance of these extra alveolar collections of air. We found that pneumomediastinum with or without pneumothorax was not associated with significant morbidity and is more likely after laparoscopic fundoplication than other laparoscopic surgeries. The presence of pneumomediastinum after fundoplication is a normal finding. However, pneumothorax has clinical significance and should be considered pathological.
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PMID:Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum after laparoscopic surgery. 931 53

Spontaneous esophageal perforation, or Boerhaave syndrome, is an uncommon finding requiring prompt diagnosis and immediate surgery because of its high mortality rate. The clinical diagnosis in typical cases is based on the symptom triad of Macler: vomiting, strong sudden chest pain and subcutaneous emphysema. We report 4 cases of Boerhaave syndrome with atypical presentation studied with Computed Tomography (CT) to make the correct diagnosis with atypical clinical findings. In each patient, we assessed the clinical symptoms, classifying them as typical and atypical, the diagnostic course leading to diagnosis and CT patterns. The classic symptoms were absent in one patient, while one patient had vomiting only, one had vomiting and chest pain and one had chest pain and cough. Chest radiography was performed in three patients and permitted the diagnosis in one of them only. CT permitted the definitive diagnosis in all cases. When spontaneous esophageal rupture presents with aspecific clinical findings. CT permits its accurate and specific diagnosis. We found atypical CT signs of esophageal rupture, namely pneumopericardium, uncommunicating mediastinal and pleural effusions, and focal pleural effusion in a contralateral cavity. Finally, our finding of a periesophageal mediastinal collection moving to the parietal subpleural space is not reported in the radiological literature. The severity of these findings varies and it is probably related to the increase in intraesophageal pressure affecting the progression of abscessual and hydroaerial collections in different anatomical structures; the time when CT is performed is also important. To conclude, the CT diagnosis of spontaneous esophageal rupture is specific and CT shows lesion site correctly.
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PMID:[Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome): computerized tomography diagnosis in atypical clinical presentation]. 942 52

We report a patient with bronchial asthma who presented with pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumorrhachis and extensive subcutaneous emphysema, after a period of coughing. Pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures and treatment of pneumomediastinum and its complications are discussed.
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PMID:Pneumomediastinum: an unusual complication of bronchial asthma in a young man. 964 25

The removal of inhaled foreign bodies using the Heimlich manoeuvre is recommended as part of the immediate management of the choking child. We report on a case of witnessed laryngeal obstruction by a foreign body in which repeated Heimlich manoeuvres failed to expel the foreign body, but temporarily relieved the obstruction. The repeated Heimlich manoeuvres dislodged the foreign body into the trachea and may have contributed to the rapid development of extensive surgical emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that the Heimlich manoeuvre was effective in relieving the airway obstruction, but was associated with potentially severe complications.
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PMID:An interesting complication of the Heimlich manoeuvre. 991 60

Common complications of cardiac transplantation include infection, rejection, accelerated coronary artery atherosclerosis, and lymphoproliferative disease. The authors reviewed radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) features of cardiac transplantation and its complications in a series of 232 patients (with 89 complications and 49 deaths). Normal postoperative findings in the first few weeks after surgery included enlarged cardiac silhouette, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema, and mediastinal widening. Infection was the most common complication, with pneumonia being the leading infectious condition (28 cases, with Aspergillus [n = 11] and cytomegalovirus [n = 10] being the most common pathogens) and the cause of death in seven cases. Although many cases of pulmonary infections occur in the first 3-4 months after surgery, in this series several cases developed up to 3 years afterward. Radiographic signs of acute rejection were nonspecific in the eight patients affected who died, and endomyocardial biopsy was used to confirm the suspected diagnosis. Accelerated atherosclerosis occurred in 13 patients between 10 months and 6.5 years after transplantation and led to death in eight. Lymphoproliferative disorders, which range from benign lymphoid hyperplasia to malignant lymphoma and which are the third leading cause of death beyond the immediate perioperative period in heart transplant recipients, developed in four patients who later died. Other complications related to endomyocardial biopsy and cardiothoracic surgery (i.e., pneumothorax, hemothorax, pneumomediastinum, mediastinitis, aortic dissection, aortic pseudoaneurysm, and pulmonary embolism) occurred in 31 cases and were diagnosed with radiography and CT.
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PMID:Imaging of cardiac transplantation complications. 1019 82

Retroduodenal perforation is considered a rare but serious complication of endoscopic papillotomy. We report on a patient suffering from a stenotic occlusion of the ductus hepatico-choledochus on whom a pre-cut via needle-knife was performed in order to place a stent. Hours after the procedure, the patient developed an extensive pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumopericardium and scrotal emphysema. The later have not been reported in relevant literature so far.
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PMID:[Pneumopericardium and retroperitoneal and scrotal emphysema after endoscopic papillotomy]. 1068 47

The objective of this study was to examine the percent of spontaneous pneumomediastinums (SPM) as a complication of asthma in children and adolescent, and to examine the symptoms and clinical signs which predict SPM. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients discharged from Srebrnjak Hospital between 1988 and 1991 with the diagnoses of asthma and SPM. Ten cases (8 males and 2 females) aged 4-19 years were compared with 50 hospitalized patients. SPM was found in 4.96% of patients. Mean age of patients with SPM and asthma was 11.2 and of control patients 11.45 years. Chest pain was reported in 5/10 patients with SPM and asthma and in 0/50 of controls (p < 0.01). Subcutaneous emphysema was detected in 9/10 patients with SPM and asthma and in 0/50 of controls (p < 0.01). There was no difference in respiratory distress, partial oxygen pressure and oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Systolic pressure was higher in children with SPM, but the values were within normal limits. During hospitalization in 3 patients with SPM partial left pneumothorax developed, in 1 partial bilateral pneumothorax and in 2 pneumopericardium. Subcutaneous emphysema is a significant specific clinical sign, and chest pain is a predominant symptom in the diagnosis of SPM. The patients with asthma and SPM must be treated in hospital because of potential further complication.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a complication of asthma in adultsand adolescents]. 1104 58


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