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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung tissue from 14 normal residents of high altitude regions, 10 patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and 1 patient with Pickwickian syndrome was studied with regard to the occurrence of pulmonary vascular changes. In addition to the well-known pulmonary arterial alterations, lesions in small pulmonary veins were found in the great majority of the cases. These changes, consisting of medial hypertrophy and arterialization and of bundles of smooth muscle cells within the venous intima, have not been described before in man. These findings suggest that alveolar hypoxia acts not only on small pulmonary arteries and arterioles but also on veins of small caliber, probably by inducing venoconstriction.
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PMID:Pulmonary venous changes in chronic hypoxia. 82 83

The nerve density, expressed as total length of nerve fibers per square millimeter of tissue section, was measured in both carotid bodies from five subjects free from cardiopulmonary disease and from eight subjects with carotid body hyperplasia. Six of the cases with enlargement of the carotid body had been exposed to chronic hypoxemia in life (due to panacinar pulmonary emphysema in five instances and the pickwickian syndrome in one case), and the other two cases had had systemic hypertension. The cases of carotid body hyperplasia showed an increased nerve density associated with the characteristic proliferation of elongated cells. These findings confirm that the proliferating cells in carotid body hyperplasia are both sustentacular and Schwann's cells, not fibroblasts, and suggest that these cells develop to support an increased number of nerve axons. The mechanisms by which two such different stimuli as chronic hypoxemia and raised intravascular pressure bring about an increased nerve density are obscure.
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PMID:Nerve axons in carotid body hyperplasia. A quantitative study. 383 53

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) associated to chronic respiratory diseases is currently classified in the 3rd group, as a mild to moderate form of pre-capillary PH that progressively complicates the prognosis of associated pulmonary disease. In clinical practice, however, some unresolved issues in the respiratory PH should be considered: 1) the PH heterogeneity in some respiratory diseases, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), where the prevalence of unrecognized left heart disease, or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism may change the clinical classification; 2) the combining form of severe PH which often is not correlated to chronic ventilator impairment, while outcome is strictly related to pulmonary haemodynamics. The recognition of out of proportion respiratory PH in several chronic respiratory diseases which include COPD, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) may be important for a comprehensive clinical classification of severe respiratory PH, as well as, for the inclusion of these patients in randomized clinical trials on PH targeted therapy.
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PMID:Clinical variability of respiratory pulmonary hypertension: implications for diagnosis and management. 2428 Feb 32