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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) is characterized by acute episodes of airway obstruction, hypercarbia, and lack of chest movement in mechanically ventilated neonates. Emergency bronchoscopic removal of necrotic tissue is essential for survival. Although postmortem lesions extend into smaller bronchi, survivors have not demonstrated residual tracheobronchial abnormalities. Two infants were treated successfully for NTB but succumbed to diffuse tracheobronchial strictures with progressive pulmonary hyperinflation. A third neonate with esophageal atresia and left pulmonary agenesis developed NTB. Despite initial postbronchoscopic improvement, the infant died at age 6 weeks with diffuse obstructing NTB. All three infants required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. High-frequency jet ventilation was not used. Tracheal cultures for fungi, bacteria and viruses were negative. Successful treatment of NTB may be followed acutely by recurrence of NTB and chronically by diffuse tracheobronchial strictures and emphysema.
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PMID:Diffuse necrotizing tracheobronchitis: an acute and chronic disease. 337 55

Congenital malformations of the lung are rare and vary widely in their presentation and severity. However, frequently they present with dramatic symptoms resulting in the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Five patients with congenital lung malformations were treated in Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Medical School Pediatric Surgery Department between June 1992 and January 1997. There were one girl and four boys. The mean age was 42 days (range 1 to 120 days) and the mean weight was 3.9 kg (range 2.4 to 5.4 kg). The following cases were included; one pulmonary agenesis, two congenital lobar emphysema, one pulmonary sequestration, and one cystic adenomatoid malformation. Respiratory distress was the most common presenting symptom. The diagnosis was performed by chest X-ray with postero-anterior and lateral view and thoracic computed tomography (CT). Associated congenital anomalies were detected in one patient and the following anomalies were found; esophageal atresia, tracheo-esophageal fistula, short distal esophagus, and small intrathoracic stomach Posterolateral thoracotomy was used for all patients and complete surgical resection was performed in four patients. Corrective surgery was delayed in one patient in whom extended respiratory support was required and he died on the ninth day due to respiratory failure. In four patients prognosis was excellent. In this article, diagnosis and treatment of congenital lung malformations are discussed.
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PMID:Congenital malformation of the lung. 1095 52

Congenital anomalies of the chest are an important cause of morbidity in infants, children, and even adults. The evaluation of affected patients frequently requires multiple imaging modalities to diagnose the anomaly and plan surgical correction. The authors analyze and illustrate practical aspects of certain common and uncommon congenital anomalies affecting the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum, with emphasis on radiologic manifestations. Other thoracic anomalies such as rib anomalies and vascular rings are discussed when they are associated with anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree. The usefulness of the various imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is also evaluated. Specific topics addressed include tracheal conditions such as tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, tracheal bronchus, tracheal atresia, and bronchogenic cyst; anomalies of the lung such as lung underdevelopment (agenesis and hypoplasia), scimitar syndrome, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital lobar emphysema, and pulmonary sequestration; esophageal anomalies such as esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal duplications; and vascular rings. The embryologic and pathologic basis of the radiologic findings are discussed in appropriate cases. Differential diagnoses, as well as pitfalls and diagnostic difficulties, are included.
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PMID:Congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum: embryology, radiology, and pathology. 1461 Feb 45

Respiratory distress due to either medical or surgical causes occurs commonly in neonates. It is the most common cause of admission to a neonatal surgical intensive care facility in a tertiary care hospital. The distress can be caused by a variety of clinical conditions; common conditions treated in medical intensive care units are transient tachypnea of the new born, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary air leak and pneumothorax. In surgical causes of respiratory distress in neonates the underlying mechanisms include airway obstruction, pulmonary collapse or displacement and parenchymal disease or insufficiency; the common causes are congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital lobar emphysema and esophageal atresia with or without tracheo-esophageal fistula. Obstructive lesions of the new born airway include choanal atresia, macroglossis, Pierre-Robin syndrome, lymphangioma, teratoma or other mediastinal masses, cysts, subglottic stenosis and laryngo tracheomalacia. Imaging plays a very major role in the pre-operative diagnosis of these conditions and proper pre-operative resuscitation helps in improving the results of surgery dramatically.
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PMID:Respiratory distress in neonates. 1597 26