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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-pressure injection injuries are reported often in the hand and occasionally in the foot. Injection with water and air causes minimal tissue damage but nevertheless requires irrigation, minimal debridement, administration of antibiotics, and concern for development of compartment syndrome. The outcome for patients injected with water and air should be excellent. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen causes immediate resolution of subcutaneous emphysema, edema, and pain for more rapid rehabilitation.
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PMID:Treatment of high-pressure water gun injection injury of the foot with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen: a case report. 257 10

A review of the literature yields few reported cases of industrial-strength high-pressure water injection injuries involving the foot, and sources of information for industrial-strength high-pressure water injection injuries reside primarily in the hand surgical literature. Toxic materials, such as grease, paint, and diesel oil, are relatively common agents involved in injection injuries, and these substances are associated with increased morbidity in comparison with injection of water or air. Treatment of high-pressure injection of a toxic substance is a surgical emergency requiring irrigation, debridement, antibiotic administration, and monitoring for signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome. There are, however, documented cases where less extreme treatment regimens have met with success. We report a successful limb salvage case, and review of the literature, related to a high-pressure water injury involving the foot with associated extensive subcutaneous emphysema.
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PMID:High-pressure water injection of the foot with associated subcutaneous emphysema: a case report. 2049 28

A 19-year-old man sustained multiple injuries during a motorcycle accident. A computed tomographic scan revealed that the trachea was completely transected, and the endotracheal tube did not reach the distal stump. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used to maintain oxygenation and avoid mediastinal emphysema. Tracheal anastomosis through a right thoracotomy was planned initially, but prior to the operation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow and respiratory condition deteriorated, with evidence of oxygen desaturation. An abdominal compartment syndrome was diagnosed, and open abdominal management was performed. Therefore, the patient had to undergo tracheal anastomosis through a median sternotomy in the supine position. The laparotomy was closed, and the patient was discharged without respiratory complications.
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PMID:Blunt tracheal transection repair requiring open abdominal management. 2211 38

Oxyacetylene welding torches are commonly used in industry, yet serious burns are fortunately rare. When dealing with the sequelae of these burn injuries, one must be aware of the high pressure component of these flame burns, which can penetrate and dissect the subcutaneous tissue. Appropriate initial assessment and preoperative planning are, therefore, essential to exclude and identify problems such as, compartment syndrome, subcutaneous emphysema and acute carpal tunnel syndrome. We present a case in which an innocuous palmar burn revealed a penetrating flame injury into the carpal tunnel.
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PMID:Burns from acetylene gas: more than skin deep. 2484 44

Subcutaneous emphysema is a very rare and good-natured complication after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). It has been reported as colon perforation, diverticulitis, and bladder perforation associated complication previously. We report the first case of a wide subcutaneous emphysema due to microperforations of prostatic capsule, without a bladder perforation after TURP. Any sign of clinic situation should lead to ceasing of the procedure immediately; otherwise, it can cause a life-threatening problem of abdominal compartment syndrome.
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PMID:It Suddenly Occurred: Extensive Subcutaneous Emphysema after Bipolar Transurethral Resection of Prostate. 2649 98

Orbital compartment syndrome typically occurs due to trauma or burns. Here we discuss a case of spontaneous lamina papyracea dehiscence associated with transient orbital compartment syndrome. A previously healthy woman presented to the Emergency Department complaining of unilateral eye pain after nose blowing. The patient did not have any pupillary or extra-ocular movement abnormalities; however, she did have mildly decreased visual acuity in the affected eye. Intraocular pressure was found to be elevated and a subsequent CT scan showed orbital emphysema with spontaneous dehiscence of the lamina papyracea. The intraocular pressure decreased within hours, and ultimately, she required no intervention. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2018-02.asp].
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PMID:Transient Orbital Compartment Syndrome Caused by Spontaneous Lamina Papyracea Dehiscence. 2939 9

Retrobulbar emphysema is a rare condition compared to the more common orbital emphysema. It is often associated with medial orbital wall fracture with rupture of the periosteum. In some severe patients, retrobulbar emphysema can increase the intraorbital pressure and lead to orbital compartment syndrome. Less extreme patients require only conservative treatment with careful observation. There is still no standard protocol for the management of orbital emphysema in general or specifically for retrobulbar emphysema. Visual acuity is the most widely used indicator to determine whether surgical intervention is needed. The patient presented here suffered from large retrobulbar intraconal emphysema and exophthalmos without visual loss after head trauma and nose blowing. He was observed closely without surgical intervention. After the emphysema had resolved, the patient's medial orbital wall defect was reconstructed using unsintered hydroxyapatite particles/poly L-lactide via the transcaruncular approach. The postoperative course has been uneventful with more than 1 year of follow-up to date.
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PMID:Retrobulbar Orbital Emphysema Associated With Medial Orbital Wall Fracture. 3129 64

Orbital compartment syndrome is a critical ophthalmic emergency that needs urgent diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent vision loss caused by optic nerve compression or retinal ischemia. In this article, we present a child with orbital compartment syndrome caused by orbital emphysema as a result of a rare type of ocular trauma and introduce a simple technique to decompress the pressure. The patient was a 4-year-old boy who experienced a compressed air blast to his left eye. He presented to the emergency department with a frozen globe, tight orbit, and chemosis, without any evidence of globe rupture, conjunctival laceration, and orbital bone fracture. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated extensive subcutaneous, intraorbital, and intracranial emphysema. The pressure was immediately relieved under intravenous sedation by inserting a 27-gauge needle into the chemotic subconjunctival space at the lower lid fornix, followed by gentle manipulation of the globe to help the air escape through the needle. Compressed air injury is a rare type of orbital trauma, and this patient constituted the youngest case ever reported in the English literature, to our knowledge. Air decompression through the conjunctiva as described in this article is a useful technique that can be applied by emergency medicine specialists with special caution for patients with orbital compartment syndrome and orbital emphysema caused by compressed air injury.
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PMID:Urgent Subconjunctival Needle Decompression for Orbital Compartment Emphysema Caused by Compressed Air Injury. 3295 Feb 79

Orbital compartment syndrome is an ophthalmologic emergency that requires timely surgical intervention. The authors present a rare case of orbital compartment syndrome in a 30-year-old male injured by forceful entry of air-gasoline mixture into the orbit, secondary to inadvertent firing of the piston from running mechanical diagnostics on an automobile internal combustion engine. Orbital CT revealed extensive orbital emphysema with both pre- and postseptal involvement and diffuse chemical cellulitis. Serial exams revealed rapid deterioration of vision with elevated intraocular pressure and development of eyelid, corneal, and orbital edema; a relative afferent pupillary defect and optic nerve hypoperfusion. He was started on intravenous steroids and underwent an emergent lateral canthotomy with cantholysis, which temporarily reduced the intraocular pressure. However, a second rapid increase in soft tissue swelling resulted in another episode of ocular hypertension and compressive optic neuropathy, requiring emergent orbital bony decompression, which was followed by decreased intraocular and orbital pressure. The patient later developed progressive corneal opacification indicating delayed chemical injury. This was managed with a 10-day course of aggressive topical and systemic antiinflammatory agents with significant improvement in visual acuity. At last follow up, the vision was 20/30 and the corneal and eyelid edema had cleared.
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PMID:Orbital Compartment Syndrome After High-speed Air-Gasoline Blast Injury. 3307 61