Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Descriptive features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) are presented using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program population-based incidence data from 1973 through 1987, along with risk factors from histologically confirmed cases of BAC identified in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Louisiana between 1979 and 1982. Compared to the rising incidence of lung cancer overall, BAC rates have remained relatively constant, accounting for less than 3% of all lung cancer. BAC incidence rates were higher in males, yet it explained proportionately more of the total lung cancer incidence in females. In the case-control study, 21 of the 33 cases originally ascertained from hospital pathology records were histologically confirmed as BAC. Most cases smoked cigarettes, with a 4-fold risk for ever smoking. Risks tended to increase with smoking intensity (reaching 10-fold for more than 1.5 packs/day) and duration (reaching 5-fold for more than 45 years of smoking). Following 10 or more years of employment, there was a 4-fold risk associated with motor freight occupations, along with nonsignificant excesses among construction workers, petroleum manufacturers, and sugar cane farmers. Cases were more likely than controls to have had emphysema or to have had a close family member with lung cancer. Although based on small numbers, this study suggests that BAC shares many of the epidemiological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Epidemiology of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. 133 48

Cavitation in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is uncommon, but apparent radiologic cavitation may be produced by other causes of abnormal air collections in and around the tumor. We report four patients whose plain films and computed tomography scans were interpreted as showing cavitary masses. Paracicatricial emphysema, fibrosis with honeycombing, and localized bronchiectasis were present pathologically to explain the abnormal air collections.
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PMID:Cystic change (pseudocavitation) associated with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: a report of four patients. 776 23

Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary lung diseases (COPDs; including emphysema and chronic bronchitis) share a common etiology. Despite the known associations of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha1AD) with COPD and COPD with LC, few studies examined the association of alpha1AD alleles and LC. We hypothesize that heterozygous individuals who carry a deficient allele of the alpha1AD gene Pi (protease inhibitor locus) are at an increased risk of developing LC. The Pi locus is highly polymorphic with >70 variants reported. There are at least 10 alleles associated with deficiency in alpha1-antitrypsin. Using an exact binomial test, we compared the alpha1AD carrier rate in 260 newly diagnosed Mayo Clinic LC patients to the reported carrier rate in Caucasians in the United States (7%). alpha1AD carrier status, determined by isoelectric focusing assay, was examined with respect to the history of cigarette smoking, COPD, and histological types. Thirty-two of the 260 patients (12.3%; 95% confidence interval, 8.6-16.9%) carried an alpha1AD allele, which was significantly higher than expected (P = 0.002). Twenty-four of the 32 carriers had allele S, 6 had allele Z, and 2 had allele I. Patients who never smoked cigarettes were three times more likely to carry a deficient allele (20.6%; P = 0.008), although smokers had a higher carrier rate (11.1%; P = 0.025) when compared with the 7% rate. Patients with squamous cell or bronchoalveolar carcinoma had a significantly higher carrier rate than expected (15.9% and 23.8%, P < or = 0.01, respectively). Our preliminary findings suggest that individuals who carry an alpha1AD allele may have an increased risk for developing LC, specifically squamous cell or bronchoalveolar carcinoma.
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PMID:Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency allele carriers among lung cancer patients. 1035 Apr 43

We report five cases of spontaneous pneumothorax as the first sign of pulmonary carcinoma. Initial tests did not detect neoplasms. Diagnosis took place during surgery for four patients and the fifth was diagnosed by preoperative computed tomography to assess pulmonary bullous emphysema. All five patients had persistent air leaks in spite of correct placement and functioning of drains, the reason for which surgery was scheduled. Three segmentectomies, one lobectomy and one exploratory thoracotomy for pleural metastasis were performed. Histopathologic diagnoses were 3 giant cell tumors, 1 adenocarcinoma and 1 non-mucinous bronchoalveolar carcinoma. We think that when risk factors are present, the existence of unresolved pneumothorax after correct placement of a drain should lead to a suspicion of associated pulmonary carcinoma.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumothorax as the first sign of pulmonary carcinoma]. 1167 41

In lung transplantation, the presence of bronchogenic carcinoma in the native organ is uncommon, but doubtless affects patient survival, independently of the transplantation process itself. We describe 2 cases in which a primary tumor was found in the explanted lung--1 case of adenocarcinoma in a patient with pulmonary emphysema and 1 case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Both patients died due to the recurrence of the neoplastic disease. Distant metastasis was the initial manifestation of the recurrence.
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PMID:[Lung transplantation: bronchogenic carcinoma in the native lung]. 1728