Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034067 (emphysema)
 11,506 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Swedish twins have been followed for mortality since 1961, when the Swedish Twin Registry was formed. During the years 1961-73 there were 1290 deaths among twins born in 1901-25. In 1156 cases the cause of death could be established from collected records and classified according to the 1965 revision of ICD. Using the review of records as the standard, rates of detection and confirmation relating to the death certificate diagnoses were calculated. It is concluded that Swedish death certificate data are fairly valid for use in epidemiological studies and mortality statistics with regard to most cancer forms, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, bronchitis, asthma and emphysema, accidents and suicides, but not for diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, mental diseases, rheumatic heart diseases and other heart diseases. However, in selected clinical-epidemiological studies it is often necessary to collect all available documents prior to judging the cause of death.
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PMID:A validation of cause-of-death certification in 1,156 deaths. 97 Feb 29

This study explores the association between familial alcoholism and the presence of certain conditions in nonalcoholic family members. Depression, obesity, functional bowel syndrome, asthma/emphysema, trauma, and genitourinary problems are conditions suggested by prior studies to be more common in families of alcoholics than in those without an alcoholic family member. Cross-sectional data were collected from a convenience sample of adults in the waiting room of a midwestern, university based family practice clinic. The respondents were classified in two groups: those with little likelihood of familial alcoholism and those with probable familial alcoholism. The groups were matched for race and age, creating two demographically similar groups which were then analyzed as cohorts. The prevalence rates of the conditions of interest in the respondents were calculated in the two groups and compared using the chi-square test for statistical significance. Significant differences in prevalence rates of depression and obesity were found. Trends were found for differing rates of functional bowel syndrome and asthma/emphysema. No differences were found for trauma and genitourinary problems. If differences in disease prevalence truly exist between family members of alcoholic and nonalcoholic individuals, this awareness could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of the conditions of interest in the nonalcoholic relative as well as the alcoholic individual. Family members could be a powerful screening tool for alcoholism.
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PMID:Self-reported illnesses in family members of alcoholics. 232 89

An alcoholic man with known reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus developed fever, epigastric pain, subcutaneous crepitus, and leukocytosis from an esophageal perforation at a Barrett's ulcer. Possible risk factors for perforation in this patient included alcoholism, severe gastroesophageal reflux, corticosteroid therapy, noncompliance with antacid and H2 blocker therapy, and the presence of acid-secreting parietal cells in the Barrett's epithelium. Five cases of this complication have previously been reported in a review of the literature, which included 536 cases of Barrett's esophagus or esophageal perforation. This entity may present with a clinical triad of a patient (a) in acute distress with fever and epigastric or noncardiac chest pain and without signs of peritonitis, (b) with symptoms of or known gastroesophageal reflux, and (c) with chest examination revealing subcutaneous crepitus, or chest roentgenogram revealing subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, or hydropneumothorax.
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PMID:Esophageal perforation at a Barrett's ulcer. 258 67

We report a case of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with spontaneous rupture in a 64-year-old man with emphysema and chronic alcoholism. Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus was repeatedly recovered from the blood and from specimens of the excised aneurysm. The patient died in spite of early diagnosis, intravenous erythromycin and surgical intervention. The bacteriology and epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in man is briefly discussed and eight other published cases of aneurysm, infected with the same organism, are tabulated. C. fetus ssp. fetus should be added to the list of bacteria having a tropism for vascular endothelium.
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PMID:Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus infection of an abdominal aneurysm. 267 60

Eighteen patients (16 men and two women), aged 20 to 77 years, were admitted to the University hospital between 1973 and 1984 for a Boerhaave's syndrome. Fourteen over eighteen were more than forty years old. Other particular features were the frequency of alcoholism (11 patients) and the lack of preexisting gastrointestinal symptomatology. The cardinal symptom, pain, occurred in 17 cases. It was preceded in 10 subjects by vomiting. Subcutaneous emphysema was only found in five patients, but standard chest X-ray showed seven times a pneumomediastinum. Pleural effusion was present in 14 subjects. Thirteen patients underwent thoracotomy: five within 48 h (1 death) and eight after 48 h (4 deaths); two further deaths were due to withholding surgery, and a third by performing bipolar oesophageal exclusion at a late stage (8th day); six of these deaths were related to local infection. The clinical and radiological features of Boerhaave's syndrome are presented in a review of the literature; particular attention is paid to the various methods of treatment.
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PMID:[Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus]. 372 88

Prevalence of medical disorders was determined for 10,758 consecutive admissions for inpatient alcoholism treatment to 13 hospitals located in eight states of the United States. The majority of patients (approximately 70% of the men and 73% of the women) had a significant medical problem other than alcoholism. The most prevalent disorders were diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas; bronchitis; emphysema; and asthma. Hypertensive disease was found in 15% of the men and 7% of the women. Psychiatric disorders associated with alcoholism were neuroses, personality disorders and other nonpsychotic states. Less than 10% of all patients were referred by physicians; more than 90% had not been previously diagnosed or treated for medical or psychiatric disorders associated with alcoholism. The high prevalence of medical disorders indicates that inpatient treatment of alcoholism should be undertaken in facilities that have expertise and resources for concurrent treatment of serious medical illness.
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PMID:Alcoholism and prevalence of medical and psychiatric disorders. 376 58

Out of 633 male patients aged 20 to 60 years (the mean age 37.1 +/- 8.2 years) with chronic alcoholism treated at hospital, pulmonary diseases (with the exception of tuberculosis) were revealed in 121 (19.3%), namely chronic bronchitis in 27 (4.3%), lung emphysema in 67 (10.7%), pneumosclerosis in 18 (2.9%), bronchial asthma in 9 (1.4%), which was 2-3 times as frequent as in the total population. The patients with associated alcoholism and pulmonary diseases differed but insignificantly from the total patients' population as regards the age, alcoholism standing, and patterns of alcohol abuse. The treatment consisted in combination of active antialcoholic therapy and specific therapy of pulmonary diseases. In prolonged alcoholism remissions, the pulmonary process was discovered to be stabilized and compensated for.
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PMID:[Clinical and therapeutic characteristics of respiratory diseases in chronic alcoholism]. 400 47

Ceftizoxime (CZX), a parenteral cephalosporin derivative belonging to the so-called third generation cephalosporin is reported to have a broad antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis and a good stability to beta-lactamases. Clinical study was performed on a total of 20 cases, 9 females (1 case had urinary tract infection 3 times) and 11 males, aged from 27 to 82 years. All patients had the underlying diseases. They were bronchial asthma in 3 cases, influenza in 1, chronic pulmonary emphysema in 1, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, chronic bronchitis with strongyloidiasis in 1, lung cancer in 3, esophagus cancer in 2, stomach cancer in 1, hepatoma with urolithiasis in 1, liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus in 1, alcoholism with strongyloidiasis in 1, cholelithiasis in 1 and congestive heart failure in 1, respectively. Clinical diagnoses for infections were 2-acute bronchitis, 2-exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 2-broncho-pneumonia, 2-pneumonia including one suspected case, 1-obstructive pneumonia, 2-secondary pulmonary infection, 1-pulmonary infection, 3-urinary tract infection (UTI), 1-UTI with sepsis, 1-sepsis, 1-sepsis with purulent meningitis, 1-biliary tract infection and 1-infected bronchoesophageal fistula. CZX was given by intravenous drip infusion, at a dose of 1 to 2 g, twice daily for 3 to 15 days. Because of severity in infections and underlying diseases, some cases were treated either steroid, gamma-globulin preparations or other antibiotics in combination with CZX. Twelve out of 15 cases assessed clinically responded satisfactorily to the treatment and efficacy rate was 80.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effectiveness of ceftizoxime on various infections in patients with underlying diseases]. 609 Jul 23

The incidence and treatment of empyema historically have fluctuated with the introduction of new antibiotics. As resistant strains of bacteria emerge, a return to aggressive surgical therapy becomes necessary. Empyemas are most likely to occur in patients with an underlying factor such as alcoholism, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, diabetes, tuberculosis, carcinoma, heroin addiction, or steroid therapy. The bacteriology is constantly changing. Recently, the importance of anaerobic organisms--which are now involved in three out of four cases of empyema--has been recognized. Diagnosis is established and antibiotics chosen on the basis of Gram staining and culture of pleural fluid. Surgical procedures include thoracentesis, closed chest tube drainage, open drainage plus rib resection, decortication, thoracoplasty, and excision of the empyema sac with an extrapleural dissection.
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PMID:Timely therapy for empyema: what it constitutes and why. 675 May 83

Homogenates of liver from cases of hepatic cirrhosis due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) alcoholism were analyzed for their content of various lysosomal enzymes. Also determined were the specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase in the extracts of liver from cases of both kinds of hepatic cirrhosis: all of these activities were within the range of control values. Similarly, the specific activities of the following lysosomal hydrolases were unremarkable: acid phosphatase, beta-mannosidase, beta-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase. Hexosaminidase specific activity was increased twofold in livers from the cases of cirrhosis due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. The specific activity of alpha-mannosidase (measured at pH 4.5) in homogenates of livers from PiZZ individuals with cirrhosis and those with alcoholic cirrhosis was increased two- to four-fold. Chromatography of the high-speed supernatant fraction from homogenates of livers of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic individuals on columns of DEAE-cellulose resolved alpha-mannosidase activity into two components: under the conditions employed, acid pH optimum (pH 4.5) alpha-mannosidase did not bind to the resin, whereas intermediate pH optimum (pH 5.5) alpha-mannosidase could be eluted with 0.1 mol/l NaCl. Liver from one case of (PiZZ) alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and emphysema, without demonstrable cirrhosis, was found to contain normal levels of both acid alpha-mannosidase and intermediate alpha-mannosidase. However, cases of cirrhosis due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency contained twice as much acid alpha-mannosidase and only one third to one fourth as much intermediate alpha-mannosidase as controls. The deficiency in hepatic intermediate alpha-mannosidase was also observed in 5 of 5 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Altered alpha-mannosidase isoenzymes in the liver in hepatic cirrhosis. 697 51


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