Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), an important component of the fibrinolytic system, is now available as a biotechnologically manufactured recombinant protein for therapeutic use. It has proved highly effective in the clinical therapy of acute thromboembolic diseases such as myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. t-PA activates plasminogen to plasmin, which subsequently dissolves the fibrin network of a blood clot. This activation by t-PA occurs selectively on the clot surface, with negligible systemic side effects. The half-life of t-PA in vivo is in the order of minutes due to rapid hepatic elimination. t-PA is a glycoprotein with serine protease activity and consists of a polypeptide chain with 527 amino acids. Recently, intensive research efforts have been devoted to modification of the molecular structure of t-PA, with the objective of further increasing fibrin specificity and catalytic activity, or reducing the rate of elimination. As a result, considerable insights into structure-function relationships within the t-PA molecule have been gained, but as yet no clinically utilizable variant has been constructed which is in all respects superior to naturally occurring t-PA.
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PMID:Properties of molecular variants of tissue-type plasminogen activator. 250 92

Nuclear medicine procedures and mainly perfusion lung scanning (often associated with ventilation lung scanning), after thirty years still play a major role in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. International study groups with accurate statistical methods have shown their efficacy in the diagnosis and follow-up, in reducing the clinical uncertainty, in directing the therapy and in lowering health care costs. The major limitation of nuclear medicine procedures lies in the high percentage of patients for whom intermediate or indeterminate probability is reported. However this percentage is steadily decreasing based on: patient clinical preselection; improved procedures and especially an extensive use of D-SPET with a three-head gamma camera; the combination with other advanced diagnostic imaging procedures (HRCT, fast-CT, MRI); suitable diagnostic algorithms for nuclear medicine procedures which should consider laboratory data (D-dimer, TAT) and the study of deep vein thrombosis; the use of artificial intelligence; the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals which enable direct scanning of the intravasal embolus (as P180 polypeptide) in combination with perfusion scanning which shows the hemodynamic alterations.
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PMID:The role of nuclear medicine in pulmonary embolism. 906 56

The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the relationship between plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (T.N.F.R.) and pulmonary embolism. The histological evidence of the interaction between leukocytes and the venous wall of a thrombosed vein, as well as the over-production of TNF in plasma prompted us to assay a more stable polypeptide, namely TNF receptor, as potential markers for pulmonary embolism. Five mL of plasma were obtained from twenty patients, ranging in the age from 24 to 74 years, who had been diagnosed as having pulmonary embolism through pulmonary angiography, and 20 healthy volunteers in the same age group. The samples were then studied by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of soluble TNF receptor. Patients with pulmonary embolism maintained a higher serum concentration of soluble TNF receptors. It appears that plasma measurement of soluble TNF receptor could be used as a clinical test for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
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PMID:Circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor as a marker for diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. 1156 14