Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have encountered 16 cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. According to the classification reported by Barrow, one case was type A; direct shunt between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus (CS), 5 were type B; dural shunt between meningeal branches of the ICA and the CS, 6 were type C; dural shunt between meningeal branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) and the CS, and 4 were type D; dural shunt between meningeal branches of both ICA and ECA and CA. Of all cases, 8 patients with low-flow fistula treated conservatively improved spontaneously. Three patients were treated with irradiation. Consequently, good results were obtained in 2 cases, but no improvement could be obtained in the remaining one with high flow fistula. Another four patients were treated with intravascular embolization via the ECA, and their symptoms improved. But one patient treated with Ivalon embolization died because of complicated pulmonary embolism. As spontaneous CCF had a high rate of spontaneous regression of symptoms, conservative treatment such as Matas maneuver or irradiation should be recommended at first for low flow cases in type B, C, and D. Surgical therapy such as intravascular embolization should be carried out for high-flow cases in type C and D.
 ...
PMID:[Spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula; analysis of 16 cases]. 194 91

Intra-operative pulmonary embolism is a rare and severe complication which is difficult to diagnose. A case is reported in which this condition occurred after intravesical instillation of formalin during radical cystectomy under general anaesthesia. Formalin may be related to formation of intravascular thrombi and result in pulmonary embolism.
 ...
PMID:Intra-operative pulmonary embolism after intravesical instillation of formalin. 240 73

Transcatheter embolization by Ivalon particles for treatment of arteriovenous malformations has been an accepted therapeutic technique for many years. We describe a new and efficient radiolabeling technique of Ivalon particles using [99mTc]sulfur colloid. Continuous and dynamic monitoring of injected radiolabeled Ivalon particles is made possible by viewing the persistence scope of a portable gamma camera whose head is positioned over the patient undergoing therapeutic embolization. Therefore, if inadvertent pulmonary embolism or reflux migration of radiolabeled Ivalon particles has occurred, the angiographer is immediately aware of this potentially serious or fatal complication and can take corrective action. We describe two patients, each with an arteriovenous malformation, who had therapeutic embolization with radiolabeled Ivalon particles, one resulting in reflux migration and the other resulting in inadvertent pulmonary embolism.
 ...
PMID:An improved radiolabeling technique of ivalon and its use for dynamic monitoring of complications during therapeutic transcatheter embolization. 275 93

Embolization and detached balloon occlusion by the femoral route were performed in 45 cases: 19 cases of meningiomas, 5 of scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 4 of dural AVMs, 6 of cerebral AVMs, 8 of facial angiomas and 3 of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs); and favorable results were attained. In meningiomas, there is only a short interval between the embolization and the removal of tumor (we usually perform the embolization a couple of days before the removal), and we use Gelfoam as embolus material. We aim at central tumor embolization with small emboli. The embolization reduced bleeding in removing the tumors, simplifying the surgical procedure, and 12 of 19 cases required no blood transfusion. Almost all cases of scalp AVMs, dural AVMs and facial angiomas could most probably be cured only by the embolization without surgery. Gelfoam was the first choice, because it would probably dissolve, and also because it would be relatively safe even if pulmonary embolism might occur as a result of probable passage of its emboli onto the venous side. In recanalized cases, the embolization was performed again with Ivalon, a permanent embolus material. The most important of this procedure is to inject the emboli of the suitable size for each case together with a suitable contrast material at as low a rate as possible under the image intensifier. Embolization by the injection pressure should never be tried, but the emboli be allowed to be carried only on the blood flow to the distal side. And the embolization should be discontinued at the stage when the contrast material has stagnated. CCFs are very good indications for the detached balloon occlusion, while this technic proved to serve for no more than occluding the feeding vessels in cerebral AVMs; in other words, it is indicated in a rather limited range of AVMs. We have encountered no severe complications in any of the cases treated by the embolization and detached balloon occlusion.
 ...
PMID:[Embolization and detached balloon occlusion by the femoral route in craniofacial lesions]. 662 83

Morphological changes of the cardiovascular system, e.g., due to congenital or acquired valvular diseases, cannot be analysed, evaluated or documented sufficiently by traditional gross pathological examination alone. The investigation of gross specimens of the heart and lungs is limited mainly to the inspection of the natural and cut surface, whereas postmortem angiograms allow three-dimensional examination of the vasculature even stereoscopically. Small vessels, e.g., bronchial arteries and anastomoses can easily be demonstrated by routine methods. The specimens can be formalin-fixed and contrasted by special techniques. Formalin-fixed and contrasted specimens of the heart and lungs are especially useful in the search for occult bleeding sources, emboli in chronic recurrent pulmonary embolism, and the investigation of the vascular system in pneumoconioses, primary and secondary tumors as well as in the analysis of the pulmonary vasculature in cases of defect of the ventricular septum and cor pulmonale. The basic morphology of computerized transaxial tomography can be studied from these sliced heart-lung specimens.
 ...
PMID:[Technique of comparative angiographic and morphologic examination of the heart and pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. 722 Mar 85

Nonoperative closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by means of Ivalon plugs (according to the technique of Porstmann) was performed in 101 patients. Sixty-five patients were symptomatic, the Q p/Q s ratio exceeded 1.5 in 56 patients, and pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mmHg) was present in 50 patients. In 100/101 patients the PDA could be closed successfully. Ninety-nine patients were without any evidence of residual left-to-right shunt. In one patient a hemodynamically insignificant left-to-right shunt was found with color Doppler echocardiography. Complications were pulmonary embolism due to plug dislocation in two patients (12th and 14th patient; 2 and 7 weeks after the procedure, respectively). One of these patients underwent elective surgery with patch closure of the ductus and removal of the embolized plug. In the other patient the ductus was successfully closed with a second larger plug while the first plug was left in a peripheral pulmonary artery. Surgical revision of the femoral artery was required in six and blood transfusion in two patients. Deep venous thrombosis developed in two patients. During follow-up (total follow-up time more than 200 patient years) no late complications were observed. In conclusion, transfemoral catheter closure of PDA by means of Ivalon plugs is an effective method. It is applicable to adolescents and adults with a low complication rate. The ductus can be closed without residual left-to-right shunt. Long-term results are excellent.
 ...
PMID:Nonoperative closure of the patent ductus arteriosus: the Frankfurt experience. 1015 Sep 46

Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of thrombus formation. It is commonly responsible for cerebral stroke whereas less frequently for pulmonary embolism. The aim of the study was to describe the morphology of the left atrial appendage in the human heart with respect to sex, age and weight. Macroscopic examination was carried out on 100 left appendages taken from the hearts of the patients aged 18-77, both sexes. All hearts preserved in 4% water solution of formaldehyde carried neither marks of coronary artery disease nor congenital abnormalities. Three axes of appendage orientation were performed. After the appendage had been cut off, morphological examination was performed in long and perpendicular axes. Measurements of the appendages were taken from anatomical specimens and their silicone casts. We classified the left atrial appendage into 4 morphological groups according to the number of lobes. Most left atrial appendages in female population were composed of 2 lobes. In the male group typically 2 or 3-lobed appendages were observed. The mean left atrial appendage orifice ranged from 12.0 to 16.0 mm and the most significant difference in the orifices between males and females was observed in LAA type 2 (about 3.3 mm). A smaller orifice and narrower, tubular shape of the LAA lobes could explain a higher risk of thrombus formation during nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in women. Knowledge of anatomical variability of the LAA helps diagnose some undefined echoes in the appendage during transesophageal echocardiographic examination.
...
PMID:Variability of the Left Atrial Appendage in Human Hearts. 2654 91