Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To optimize pulmonary MR angiography for the noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary vasculature, six healthy volunteers were examined using the fast radiofrequency spoiled gradient echo sequence (Fast SPGR) and standard body coil of a commercial 1.5T MR imaging system. The examinations by 2D Fast SPGR were performed under various TR, flip angles and slice thicknesses within the time of a single breath hold, and those by 3D Fast SPGR were performed under various flip angles and slab thicknesses. The most satisfactory results were obtained by 2D Fast SPGR with the parameters of TR 60 msec, TE 2.1 msec, flip angle 20 degrees slice thickness 10 mm, FOV 30-40 cm, matrix 256 x 192 and NEX1. For 3D Fast SPGR, TR 10 msec, TE 1.9 msec, flip angle 10 degrees, slab thickness 60mm (12 partitions), FOV 30-40 cm, matrix 256 x 128 and NEX1 were best. Concomitant injection of Gd-DTPA provided higher resolution of peripheral vessels. The MIP images showed pulmonary vasculature with resolution of vessels beyond 4 th order branches in 2D Fast SPGR and 5 th order branches in 3D Fast SPGR. 3D Fast SPGR with contrast enhancement was applied to patients with primary lung cancer in the hilum, malignant mediastinal tumor, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary varix, and round atelectasis. Pulmonary MR angiography is considered to be a noninvasive and effective method not only for the evaluation of the tumor invasion to the central pulmonary vessels but also for the demonstration of other pulmonary vascular pathology.
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PMID:[Determination of optimal technical factors for the single breath-hold pulmonary MR angiography and its clinical applications]. 869 68

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and still difficult clinical problem. On autopsy, PE is diagnosed in 15-25% of hospital deaths, intravitally the diagnosis is reached in only 1/3 of cases. An early diagnosis and antithrombotic treatment decreases the mortality rate from 30 to 2-10%. The aim of the study is to show diagnostic possibilities of pulmonary artery angiography using 8-row multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCTA) and to present our own experience concerning the examination protocol as well as the way of performing and evaluating multi-planar reconstructions (MPR). Since July 2002, 62 patients suspected of having PE were subjected to MSCTA with the LightSpeed Ultra tomograph (GE) using the Smart Prep technique with 8x1.25mm collimation, 0.6mm interval, iv 100-120ml of the contrast medium (4 ml/s) with scanning delay. The scanning time was 10-14s. In the patients with severe dyspnoca the 2.5mm slices were used (the required time of breathhold--5-7s). The patients suspected of having chronic PE were additionally subjected to high resolution dynamic scanning. Postprocessing included the evaluation of native scans and multiplanar reconstructions using 3.6-5.9 MIP for visualization of pulmonary artery branches and thromboembolic material. The standard reconstructions were supplemented with the batch film tool (BFT) in the form of a paddle view. In 25 cases the values of typical and widened reconstruction algorithms were compared according to the caliber and location of vessels using the 0-3 scale. The thromboembolic material in the pulmonary arteries was visualized in 35 MSCTA examinations; in 20 cases the lesions fulfilling the criteria of acute PE dominated. In 1 case the image was inconclusive. 17 examinations revealed other types of lesions, e.g. inflammatory-infiltrative or neoplastic changes, abnormal venous flow, myxoma of the left atrium, bronchiolitis obliterans. The three-planar evaluation of MPR and MPR with BFT showed that the effectiveness rates were as follows: 2.92 and 2.96 for the main arteries, 2.68 and 2.78 for lobe arteries, 2.12 and 2.35 for segmental arteries (p<0.05), 1.68 and 2.08 for subsegmental ones (p<0.05), respectively. 1. MSCTA is a valuable and quick method of visualization of central and peripheral branches of pulmonary arteries and detection of the presence and character of embolic changes. 2. The additional use of the batch film tool in a paddle view facilitates anatomical evaluation of segmental and subsegmental branches and thromboembolic material in their lumen.
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PMID:Multi-slice computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism--usefulness of multiplanar reformations with batch film tool in the form of a paddle view. 1532 16

Acute right ventricular (RV) failure following pulmonary embolism (PE) is a strong predictor of poor clinical outcome. Present studies test for an association between RV failure from experimental PE, inflammation, and upregulated chemokine expression. Additional experiments test if neutrophil influx contributes to RV dysfunction. PE was induced in male rats by infusing 24 microm microspheres (right jugular vein) producing mild hypertension (1.3 million beads/100 g, PE1.3), or moderately severe hypertension (2.0 million beads/100 g, PE2.0). Additional rats served as vehicle sham (0.01% Tween 20, Veh). In vivo RV peak systolic pressures (RVPSP) increased significantly, and then declined following PE2.0 (51 +/- 1 mm Hg 2 h; 49 +/- 1, 6 h; 44 +/- 1, 18 h). RV generated pressure of isolated, perfused hearts was significantly reduced in PE2.0 compared with PE1.3 or Veh. MCP-1 protein (ELISA) was elevated 21-fold and myeloperoxidase activity 95-fold in RV of PE2.0 compared with Veh or PE1.3. CINC-1, CINC-2, MIP-2, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha mRNA also increased in RV of PE2.0. Histological analysis revealed massive accumulation of neutrophils (selective esterase stain) and monocyte/macrophages (CD68, ED-1) in RV of PE2.0 hearts in regions of myocyte damage. Electron microscopy showed myocyte necrosis and phagocytosis by inflammatory cells. LV function was normal and did not show increased inflammation after PE2.0. Treatment with anti-PMN antibody reduced RV MPO activity and prevented RV dysfunction. Conclusions-PE with moderately severe pulmonary hypertension (PE2.0) resulted in selective RV dysfunction, which was associated with increased chemokine expression, and infiltration of both neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages, indicating that a robust immune response occurred with RV damage following experimental PE. Experimental agranulocytosis reduced RV, suggesting that neutrophil influx contributed to RV damage.
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PMID:Cardiac inflammation contributes to right ventricular dysfunction following experimental pulmonary embolism in rats. 1681 20