Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Sweden, clinicians at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm interviewed and took blood samples from 81 women aged 18-52 to examine the incidence of an insufficient response to activated protein C (APC), an increased level of antibodies to anionic phospholipids (Pla), and the presence of the mutation in the factor V gene in women who developed thrombosis while using oral contraceptives (OCs), in OC users who developed thrombosis during other risk situations (pregnancy or delivery, surgery, idiopathic), and in non-users who had a history of thrombosis. Women who had thrombosis during OC use had fewer pregnancies before developing thrombosis (p 0.05) and fewer recurrences after the thrombotic event than women in the other two groups. Non-users had the highest proportion of thrombotic recurrences (26%). Pulmonary embolism occurred more often as a result of the thrombotic event during OC use than during pregnancy, delivery, or surgery (p 0.01). APC resistance occurred in 27% of all women. The normalized ACP (nACP) ratio ranged between 0.41 and 1.48. Women who developed thrombosis during OC use had a significantly lower APC resistance than the other two groups (p 0.05). APC resistance increased as did the recurrence of thrombotic events (14-42%). The mean nACP ratio was highest among women who developed thrombosis during OC use and lowest in non-users (0.94 vs. 0.72). 40% of all women had mutation in the factor V gene. All but one woman was heterozygous. This mutation was present in relatively the same proportion in all three groups. The frequency of mutation was greater than that with laboratory-identified APC resistance in women with a history of thrombosis during OC use (38% vs. 14%; p 0.025). Coagulation and genetic analyses were highly correlated (p = 0.001). Pla were present in all three groups at essentially the same levels. Yet lupus anticoagulant activity was more common in OC users who developed thrombosis during other risk situations than the other two groups (p 0.05). 12% of all women had APC resistance and Pla. These findings show a flexible APC response.
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PMID:Thrombotic risk factors and oral contraception. 766 78

The aim of this study was to test whether the simple ratio of right ventricular (RV) end-systolic pressure (Pes) to stroke volume (SV), known as the effective arterial elastance (Ea), provides a valid assessment of pulmonary arterial load in case of pulmonary embolism- or endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension. Ventricular pressure-volume (PV) data (obtained with conductance catheters) and invasive pulmonary arterial pressure and flow waveforms were simultaneously recorded in two groups of six pure Pietran pigs, submitted either to pulmonary embolism (group A) or endotoxic shock (group B). Measurements were obtained at baseline and each 30 min after injection of autologous blood clots (0.3 g/kg) in the superior vena cava in group A and after endotoxin infusion in group B. Two methods of calculation of pulmonary arterial load were compared. On one hand, Ea provided by using three-element windkessel model (WK) of the pulmonary arterial system [Ea(WK)] was referred to as standard computation. On the other hand, similar to the systemic circulation, Ea was assessed as the ratio of RV Pes to SV [Ea(PV) = Pes/SV]. In both groups, although the correlation between Ea(PV) and Ea(WK) was excellent over a broad range of altered conditions, Ea(PV) systematically overestimated Ea(WK). This offset disappeared when left atrial pressure (Pla) was incorporated into Ea [Ea * (PV) = (Pes - Pla)/SV]. Thus Ea * (PV), defined as the ratio of RV Pes minus Pla to SV, provides a convenient, useful, and simple method to assess the pulmonary arterial load and its impact on the RV function.
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PMID:Effective arterial elastance as an index of pulmonary vascular load. 1842 34