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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a case of tetralogy of Fallot with numerous bronchial collateral arteries (BCA), the collateral arteries were successfully occluded by transcatheter embolization of Gelfoam and use of the Gianturco spring as a preliminary to intracardiac repair. Pulmonary embolism would not result from this procedure in the absence of large direct communications between collateral and pulmonary arteries. The femoral artery and vein were prepared for cannulation before the procedure, so that it would be possible to start assisted perfusion immediately if arterial PO2 fell after transcatheter embolization. The procedure is performed under fluoroscopic control.
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PMID:Transcatheter embolization of bronchial collateral arteries prior to intracardiac operation for tetralogy of Fallot. 49 27

Computed tomography (CT) has proven useful in the diagnosis of central pulmonary embolism; however, its ability to detect peripheral emboli has not been established. The authors evaluate the usefulness of ultrafast CT (UFCT) in detecting experimental peripheral pulmonary emboli. Three Gelfoam emboli measuring 0.7 x 1.5 cm were introduced into the pulmonary arteries of each of seven dogs, and contiguous, 3-mm, axial UFCT images from the lung apex to the base were obtained after the administration of a contrast bolus. After scanning, the dogs were killed, and the locations of the emboli were determined by a pulmonary pathologist blinded to the imaging results. Concomitantly, the locations of the emboli on the UFCT images were determined by consensus of three chest radiologists blinded to the autopsy results. All 21 emboli were identified on UFCT images; the locations of the emboli corresponded exactly with the autopsy findings. The authors conclude that UFCT can reliably detect Gelfoam emboli in second- to fourth-division pulmonary vessels. Further studies are needed to determine if in vivo blood clots can be similarly visualized.
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PMID:Ultrafast computed tomography in experimental pulmonary embolism. 173 83

Embolization and detached balloon occlusion by the femoral route were performed in 45 cases: 19 cases of meningiomas, 5 of scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 4 of dural AVMs, 6 of cerebral AVMs, 8 of facial angiomas and 3 of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs); and favorable results were attained. In meningiomas, there is only a short interval between the embolization and the removal of tumor (we usually perform the embolization a couple of days before the removal), and we use Gelfoam as embolus material. We aim at central tumor embolization with small emboli. The embolization reduced bleeding in removing the tumors, simplifying the surgical procedure, and 12 of 19 cases required no blood transfusion. Almost all cases of scalp AVMs, dural AVMs and facial angiomas could most probably be cured only by the embolization without surgery. Gelfoam was the first choice, because it would probably dissolve, and also because it would be relatively safe even if pulmonary embolism might occur as a result of probable passage of its emboli onto the venous side. In recanalized cases, the embolization was performed again with Ivalon, a permanent embolus material. The most important of this procedure is to inject the emboli of the suitable size for each case together with a suitable contrast material at as low a rate as possible under the image intensifier. Embolization by the injection pressure should never be tried, but the emboli be allowed to be carried only on the blood flow to the distal side. And the embolization should be discontinued at the stage when the contrast material has stagnated. CCFs are very good indications for the detached balloon occlusion, while this technic proved to serve for no more than occluding the feeding vessels in cerebral AVMs; in other words, it is indicated in a rather limited range of AVMs. We have encountered no severe complications in any of the cases treated by the embolization and detached balloon occlusion.
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PMID:[Embolization and detached balloon occlusion by the femoral route in craniofacial lesions]. 662 83

Spontaneous extraperitoneal haemorrhage is a rare but well-described complication of anticoagulation therapy. We report a case of spontaneous rectus sheath haematoma in a 69-year-old Chinese woman who had received low-molecular-weight heparin for pulmonary embolism. She presented with sudden onset of lower abdominal pain, hypotension and a tender lower abdominal mass after 1 week of anticoagulation therapy. Computed tomography revealed a huge right rectus sheath haematoma extending into the pelvis, and angiography demonstrated active contrast extravasation from the right inferior epigastric artery. Arterial embolization with Gelfoam was performed and succeeded in stopping the bleeding. Transcatheter arterial embolization can be an effective and safe modality to localize and treat the bleeder in spontaneous extraperitoneal haematoma for high-risk patients.
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PMID:Transcatheter arterial embolization of spontaneous rectus sheath haematoma in a Chinese woman. 1833 69

The purpose of the study was to compare the ability of dual energy CT (DECT) and perfusion scintigraphy (PS) to detect pulmonary embolism (PE) in a rabbit model. Gelfoam (n = 20) or saline (n = 4) was injected into the femoral vein of rabbits. After 2 h, DECT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was used to create blood flow imaging (BFI) and fusion images. The rabbits then underwent PS. Pathological determination of locations and numbers of lung lobes with PE was recorded. The sensitivity and specificity for BFI, CTPA, fused images and PS were calculated using the pathological results as reference standards. Compared with pathological evaluation, CTPA correctly identified PE in 40 lobes and absence of emboli in 80 lobes, corresponding to a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. BFI and fused images correctly identified PE in 40 lobes and the absence of emboli in 78 lobes, corresponding to a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98%, respectively. PS correctly detected 27 lobes with PE and 65 lobes without PE, corresponding to a sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 81%, respectively. BFI, CTPA and fused images derived from a single contrast-enhanced DECT provide a higher diagnostic accuracy of detecting PE than PS in a rabbit model.
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PMID:Detection of pulmonary embolism by dual energy CT: correlation with perfusion scintigraphy and histopathological findings in rabbits. 1965 58