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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is possible to record changes of volume caused by variations of the blood supply to each lung by measuring the transthoracic electrical impedance. A theoretical study was performed beforehand to define the variations of the impedance of the deep-lying structures. The form, number and distribution of the electrodes were determined by experiments on a model so that only variations of the impedance of the pulmonary parenchyma, and not of the mediastinum, were recorded. In this way the origins of the signals recorded were known. The validity of the method was tested on patients having undergone pneumonectomy and on patients with defects of pulmonary perfusion. Using the data obtained during the preceding experimental studies it was possible to defect perfusion defects caused by pulmonary embolism. Five cases of pulmonary embolism, confirmed by angiography and lung scan, of varying severity and chronicity, are reported. The amplitude of the impedance curve was reduced on the affected side, the difference of amplitude between the two being related to the degree of vascular amputation.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1979 Apr
PMID:[Detection of pulmonary embolisms by recording of the variations of thoracic impedance at each lung]. 11 36

Severe pulmonary embolism with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava was observed in a 16 year old girl with no risk factors and treated successfully by fibrinolytic therapy. Secondarily, despite heparino-therapy, upper limb venous thrombosis occurred. Investigation of the clotting factors in the patient and her family revealed a hereditary deficit of antithrombin III. The features of the haemotological diagnosis of this rare condition and the therapeutic implications are discussed.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1979 Aug
PMID:[Severe pulmonary embolism and recurrent thrombophlebitis caused by hereditary antithrombin III deficiency]. 11 39

Selective profile lung angiography provides a valuable contribution to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Indeed, the frequent localization of emboli in the postero-basal zones which could be partially obstructed or undetectable on the frontal lung angiography supports the use of this technique. Our results are based on 50 recent cases of pulmonary embolism, divided into three groups: - non-massive pulmonary embolism explored before the 10th day (16 patients); - non-massive pulmonary embolism explored after the 10th day (24 patients); - massive pulmonary embolism (10 patients). Selective profile angiography confirmed the diagnosis in 10 patients by revealing pathognomonic pictures. Furthermore, a highly-probable diagnosis was allowed in 11 patients having very evocative pictures. Finally, selective profile lung angiography helped to determine the localization of the thrombi, the circulation in adjacent zones, and the quantification of the obstruction in 30 patients.
Rev Fr Mal Respir
PMID:[Profile lung angiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. 54 77

Pulmonary embolism and preventive anticoagulant therapy of ederly patients in hospital. Statistical survey of their respective risks. The incidence of pulmonary embolism as a cause of death seems the higher as its strikes old people (above 60) affected by cardiovascular diseases and who are bed tied; the interest of preventive anticoagulant treatment (PAT) remains controversial. This matter has been studied over a period of 5 years from the files of a geriatric cardiology department; 455 anatomo-clinical documents have been set up. This survey confirms the frequency of mortality by pulmonary embolism (23,9 %) and its diminution under long-term preventive anticoagulant treatment 6,6 %). The anticoagulant therapy does not increase the risk of haemorrhagic accidents, from the point of view of frequency, but slightly increases it if one considers the number of days spent in hospital. As a conclusion, the preventive anticoagulant treatment seems positive insofar as contra-indications are strictly observed, in particular the digestive ones. The mechanism of some hemorrhagic accidents with or without PAT remains sometimes difficult to explain.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1975 Nov
PMID:[Pulmonary embolism and preventive anticoagulant treatment in hospitalized elderly patients. Statistical study of their respective risks]. 81 84

The authors have carried out phlebograms on 50 patients with recent pulmonary emboli. In the majority of cases (44 out of 50) they found thrombosis in the veins of the lower limbs: in 35 cases, these were situated proximally, ending in the femoro-ilio-caval segment; in 9 cases they were confined to the suropopliteal veins. These facts have led us to modify our treatment plan for pulmonary embolism. Thrombolytic treatment seems to be justified in cases where the prebitis is high up, even if the pulmonary embolus is benign. Heparin is reserved for those cases of benign pulmonary emboli which are secondary to suro-popliteal phlebitis. The question of interrupting the inferior vena cava must bed ecided in the light of the phlebograms.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1976 Sep
PMID:[Venous signs at the acute stage of pulmonary embolism]. 82 66

The authors have made a study of the fate of 118 patients with pulmonary embolism. The mortality (21.8%) is related not only to the embolus itself (especially to the recurrent types) but also to the condition of the affected area. Recurrence is common (34%), serious (9 deaths out of 25), and early (during the first three months.). No treatment or inadequate treatment are the main causes. Treatment works effectively on the pulmonary circulation, which becomes reestablished in the majority of cases, but it carries the risk of a high incidence of haemorrhage (29%) which is severe (2 deaths and 10 tranfusions of more than one litre of blood). In the long term, the prognosis is linked to the developments in the lower limbs, in which there is a progressive failure of venous drainage (46 cases out of 57), even in cases in which there was no local sign of phlebitis at the time of the original embolus.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1976 Sep
PMID:[Development of pulmonary embolism]. 82 67

Eighty consecutive patients with an average age of 66.5 +/- 16 years were reviewed 3 and 9 months after implantation of two new percutaneous vena caval filters (Filcard, Cardial) in order to evaluate their efficacy and tolerance. The indications were: a contra-indication to anticoagulants in 19 cases, recurrent pulmonary embolism under anticoagulant therapy in 22 patients, chronic cor pulmonale in 4 patients; finally, in 35 cases, the filter was implanted prophylactically for a "floating" or extensive ilio-caval thrombosis under anticoagulant therapy or in high risk patients: severe cardio-pulmonary failure, malignant disease, massive pulmonary embolism with a contra-indication to fibrinolytic therapy. All implantations were performed by the jugular approach with no local or general complications apart from one pericaval haematoma with a favourable outcome. Cavography and opacification of the renal veins was carried out systematically during implantation. All patients underwent clinical examination, antero-posterior and lateral X rays of the filter, pulmonary scintigraphy, antero-posterior and lateral cavography, a CT scan of the filter, Doppler ultrasonography and rheoplethysmography of the legs 3 months after implantation. At 9 months, clinical examination, abdominal X rays and rheoplethysmography were repeated. There was 100% follow-up at 3 and 9 months. The complications observed at 3 and 9 months were: 5 cases of malposition (6%), 3 recurrent pulmonary emboli (4%), 9 recurrent venous thromboses (13%), 4 vena caval thromboses (5.7%), 7 thrombi caught in the filter (10%), 27 perforations of the vena cava (38%), 3 over 30 degrees tilts of the filter (4%) and 22 migrations (31%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1992 Oct
PMID:[Efficacy and tolerance of 2 new percutaneous vena cava filters. A prospective study in 80 patients]. 129 92

The authors report the case of a 68 year old woman who underwent implantation of a Greenfield vena caval filter for recurrent pulmonary embolism. Migration of the filter out of the vena cava into the perivenal fat was discovered two years later during another embolic episode. One of the spokes of the filter had migrated into the iliac fossa. This case illustrates two possible complications of caval filters: rupture and migration. The increasing number of cases reported in the literature indicates the necessity of keeping a register of the complications encountered with different models to avoid the most dangerous ones.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1992 Dec
PMID:[Rupture and extravascular migration of a vena cava filter. Apropos of a case]. 130 30

Low molecular weight heparins are increasingly prescribed in France. Prepared from standard heparin by depolymerisation, they show a markedly decreased anti IIa activity and a anti Xa/anti IIa ratio ranging from 2 to 4. Their mode of action in the coagulation system is still not well known and it is difficult to explain the mechanism of their antithrombotic effect, demonstrated in vivo. They seem to inhibit the first traces of thrombin and then counteract the priming and amplification of coagulation. Their fibrinolytic activity is also a disputed question, but seems to be lower than that of standard heparin. The pharmacological studies show a venous as well as arterial antithrombotic activity of a low molecular weight heparin on several animal models, a lower but not negligible bleeding risk as compared to unfractionated heparin. Furthermore heparin fragments have a weak interaction with platelets, which allow to foresee a greater efficacy of LMWH than standard heparin in arterial thrombosis. Some very rare cases of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with LMW heparins have been recently reported. The compared pharmacokinetics of heparins gave proof of a renal elimination of low molecular weight heparin and a bio availability of about 90% after subcutaneous injection. Many clinical studies allowed to define indications of heparin fragments in prophylactic treatment after surgery as well as in medical patients and in curative treatment in case of deep vein thrombosis. However, others studies must be carried out to define the real efficacy of such a treatment during pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation and myocardial infraction, or during thrombotic complications after vascular surgery.
J Mal Vasc 1992
PMID:[The new heparins]. 131 47

In an era when heart-lung transplantation offers a therapeutic option for patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, it is important to assess the natural history of this condition. With this objective the authors studied 62 patients followed-up by the same cardiologist. The average follow-up period was 16 years, but 22 patients were followed up for over 20 years. The average age at death was 29 years. It differed significantly for genetically normal patients (31 years for 21 fatalities) compared with a population of trisomics (21 years for 6 fatalities). Half the patient population lived for over 30 years. Fourteen of the 27 deaths occurred during the third decade and only 4 before the age of 20. The probability of surviving 10 more years for a 20 years old genetically normal patient was 56%. The causes of death in the 19 cases in which it could be established were: 5 sudden deaths, 4 right heart failures, 3 massive haemoptyses, 3 pulmonary emboli, 2 pneumonias and 2 peroperative deaths. The functional disability was nearly always minimal or mild, enabling the patient to work: 24 of the 45 non-trisomic patients had full-time jobs. Pregnancy was a poor prognosis factor and could be lethal (2 deaths due to pulmonary embolism in the post-partum period). A heart-lung transplantation would only seem to be justified in patients with severe symptoms, polycythaemia, irreversible right heart failure and/or haemoptysis.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1992 May
PMID:[Outcome of patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. Apropos of 62 cases followed-up for an average of 16 years]. 138 47


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