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Query: UMLS:C0034065 (pulmonary embolism)
 14,979 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We show the first clinical images obtained by a new tomographic system based on the detection of the scattered gamma photons of 99mTc by the chest tissues. These images show satisfactory contrast and tomographic effect on the half-chest near the radioactive source. Both effects tend to decrease on the contralateral half-chest. The images rendered important data in differential diagnosis of perfusion defects evident by lung scintigraphy with macroaggregated albumin labeled with 99mTc. Pulmonary density was normal and homogeneous in a healthy volunteer and also in a patient with pulmonary embolism. It demonstrated a hyperdense pulmonary mass in a patient with tumor of the right lung, which produced a perfusion defect evident in the conventional lung scintiscan, and a shadow in the gamma ray transmission image.
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PMID:[Tomographic densitometry of the human thorax]. 633 53

In the present work we studied the levels of 5-HT in the pericardial fluid of 160 cadavers according to cause of death; such as myocardial infarction, violent asphyxia, pulmonary embolism, infections, bronchopulmonary diseases, traumatic and hemorrhagic diseases in the CNS, and multiple traumatism. We did not find significant differences in the various causes of death. A complementary study of 20 dead dogs having suffered induced shock, either hemorrhagic or septic, was made. In both series we studied the serum levels of 5-HT and the following parameters: systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, central venous pressure, hematocrit value, pH value, total proteins, albumin, PO2, and PCO2. We found the significant correlation (r = 0.828, P less than 0.01) only between 5-HT serum levels and the systolic arterial pressure in the hemorrhagic shock.
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PMID:Study of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in pericardial fluid in different causes of death (II.). Experimental study of 5-HT levels in two types of shocks (hemorrhagic and septic) in dogs. 640 70

Isotope phlebography is performed using 99mTc as pertecnetate, macroaggregates of albumin (MAA) or microspheres of albumin (MISA). The isotope is injected at a dose of 6-10 mCi into the dorsal foot veins. The area studied begins at the knee and is followed successively by the groin, the iliac area and the region of the IVC. A pulmonary scan is performed when MAA or MISA are used. Our method has proven to be reliable in showing 1) thrombosis of the veins of the groin and iliac area, which appear as a 'non visualisation' of the venous tract, 2) delayed transit time of the isotope, 3) visualisation of the superficial circulation (changes and irrgularities). The association of istope phlebography with pulmonary scan is useful for evaluating the femoral-iliac and the vena caval system and for detecting the presence of pulmonary embolism.
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PMID:Isotope phlebography in the study of lower extremity venous thrombosis. 737 15

Three patients developed acute pulmonary embolism after cerebral angiography. The diagnoses were based on the clinical symptoms and echocardiography, chest roentgenography, blood gas analysis, and pulmonary perfusion scans after intravenous injection of 5 mCi of technetium-99m-labeled human albumin macroaggregates. Two of the three patients achieved clinical improvement, but one patient with severe embolization and circulatory deterioration died in spite of anticoagulation therapy. Recognition of the potential risk of pulmonary embolism after angiography and active prophylaxis are most important in preventing this complication.
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PMID:Pulmonary embolism after cerebral angiography--three case reports. 762 52

Pulmonary emboli are detectable by filling defects in the pulmonary vasculature upon pulmonary angiography. Emboli derived from venous thrombi are rich in fibrin to which thrombin remains bound. Hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor, binds to thrombin to yield a 1:1 stoichiometric complex. We examined whether 131I-recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin) could be used to detect pulmonary emboli in rabbits. Clots were formed by re-calcifying rabbit plasma in vitro, and then injected (0.034 ml) into a femoral vein to lodge in the lungs. 131I-r-hirudin (29 +/- 4 microCi/kg) was injected intravenously but emboli could not be detected by gamma camera in real time. Post-mortem analysis of lung tissue showed that 131I-r-hirudin did not associate with emboli prepared with 125I-fibrin. Because of these findings, we used different techniques to look at the binding of hirudin to plasma clots. Clots formed in vitro were incubated with 131I-r-hirudin in the presence of equimolar amounts of 125I-albumin; specific binding of 131I-r-hirudin was not observed. Experiments with immobilized fibrin(ogen) showed that 125I-r-hirudin did not bind to and remain with fibrin-bound 131I-thrombin but did lead to the inactivation and displacement of up to 70% of bound thrombin as r-hirudin-thrombin complex; residual thrombin bound to fibrin remained active. Thus, released r-hirudin-thrombin complex is probably cleared rapidly from the region of the embolus in vivo; radioiodinated r-hirudin may not, therefore, be useful as a marker for detecting emboli.
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PMID:Displacement of fibrin-bound thrombin by r-hirudin precludes the use of 131I-r-hirudin for detecting pulmonary emboli in the rabbit. 783 58

In order to study pathological changes that might lead to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in long-distance air travel passengers, 12 healthy volunteers were investigated during 4 simulated 12-h flights (day and night). The influence of repeated leg exercise was compared with constant sitting. Plasma viscosity, hematocrit, albumin, fluid balance, and lower leg swelling were measured. Rheological studies showed only circadian rhythm alterations. An average of 1150 ml fluid was retained, which correlated with an increase in body weight. The lower leg volume increase was significant, but not pathological. Periodic leg exercising showed no measurable preventive effects. These changes in healthy human volunteers are within physiological variations and are not sufficient to provide a definitive cause of venous thrombosis in healthy passengers. They do, however, suggest alterations produced by long-distance air travel that could intensify the risk of developing deep venous thrombosis in passengers with predisposing risk factors.
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PMID:Economy class syndrome: rheology, fluid balance, and lower leg edema during a simulated 12-hour long distance flight. 783 36

A preliminary evaluation of the potential utilization of osmium-191/iridium-191m for pulmonary blood flow imaging was performed. This evaluation was part of a more general study concerning the use of 191mIr for first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (FPRNA). In eight selected patients with suspected pulmonary disease, we generated, from the data collected during FPRNA, an image representing blood flow distribution to the lungs. A software program was developed in order to differentiate the lungs from the heart, to define the wash-in lung phase and finally to construct an image representing pulmonary blood flow distribution. We compared that image with a standard lung perfusion image using technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) and plain chest X-ray and computerized tomography (CT). The obtained 191mIr perfusion images showed a spatial activity distribution similar to that seen on 99mTc-MAA lung perfusion scans, and in most cases the same perfusion defects. Disease revealed by plain chest X-ray and CT was nicely correlated with perfusion defects seen on the 191mIr images. The combined information of lung perfusion and dynamic cardiac parameters obtained by FPRNA (right and left ventricular ejection fractions) added another relevant dimension to the clinical picture of patients with pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive lung disease, lung tumour or suspected congestive heart failure. We conclude that 191mIr may become a practical tool for achieving the conceptually promising approach of combined lung-heart real-time imaging.
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PMID:The use of iridium-191m for pulmonary blood flow imaging. 806 48

Diagnostic flow chart of 101 patients admitted with suspected TVP between 1987 and 1991 is discussed. In all of them Doppler cw and radionuclide venography with pulmonary scanning with albumin Tc 99 were performed. Since the 90's a triplex scanner was employed, usually after Doppler cw examination. Phlebography was considered as a golden backup. Pulmonary embolism was detected in 15% of patients and 2/3 were completely asymptomatic.
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PMID:[The diagnostic procedure in deep venous thrombosis. The authors' experience]. 829 Jan 52

Pulmonary nuclear medicine dates back to Knipping and West in the late 1950's but practically starts with the successful production of 131I-MAA by GV Taplin in 1963. Not only is the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism greatly facilitated by using 131I-MAA but also studies of regional lung function have made rapid progress. Radioactive gas and aerosol inhalation have been used to study ventilation distribution in the lungs. Using nuclear medicine technology regional hypoxic vasoconstriction was found to play a great role in regulating regional perfusion distribution in the lungs. Ventilation and perfusion mismatch and match indicate organic lung diseases and pulmonary vascular diseases, respectively. Aerosol deposition patterns in the lungs are helpful in the differential diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD). Technigas is an ultrafine aerosol which is probably more useful for ventilation studies than conventional aerosols produced by either a jet or an ultrasonic nebulizer. Besides respiratory lung function pulmonary nuclear medicine techniques have made it possible to study nonrespiratory lung function. One is mucociliary clearance mechanisms. They can be studied by using a nonabsorbable aerosol like 99mTc-albumin. Dynamic mucociliary clearance function can be visualized in vivo by radioaerosol inhalation lung cine-scintigraphy. Four abnormal mucociliary transport patterns were discernible in COPD. An objective evaluation of a drug effect on mucociliary transport is feasible. Detailed quantitative analysis of mucociliary clearance is also possible by computer techniques. Pulmonary epithelial permeability is studied following inhalation of 99mTc-DTPA aerosol. Inhaled 99mTc-DTPA disappears from the lungs more rapidly in smokers and patients with interstitial lung diseases. Nuclear medicine has great potential to elucidate other functions of the lung which are still not defined yet by the present knowledge of lung function.
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PMID:[Pulmonary nuclear medicine]. 855 98

Thromboembolic complications of nephrotic syndrome are very frequent. They can occur in the arterial or venous circulation. Venous thromboses are frequently asymptomatic and are manifested only by pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis of the renal vein may be dramatic and include renal failure. For the diagnosis various isotope, X-ray and ultrasound methods are used. Anticoagulation or thrombolytic treatment is used; in some instances also thrombectomy may be used. In patients with albumin levels lower than 20-25 g/l prophylactic administration of acetylsalicylic acid is useful. The clinical picture and therapeutic procedure are demonstrated on three brief case-histories.
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PMID:[Thromboembolic complications in nephrotic syndrome]. 896 67


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